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Questions and Answers
What was the main purpose of ARPANET when it was created in the 1960s?
What was the main purpose of ARPANET when it was created in the 1960s?
Who were the developers of the TCP/IP protocol that became the standard communication protocol for the Internet?
Who were the developers of the TCP/IP protocol that became the standard communication protocol for the Internet?
What significant technological advancement occurred in the 1980s concerning the usability of the Internet?
What significant technological advancement occurred in the 1980s concerning the usability of the Internet?
What did Tim Berners-Lee invent in 1991 that transformed Internet usage?
What did Tim Berners-Lee invent in 1991 that transformed Internet usage?
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What is the function of a router in a network?
What is the function of a router in a network?
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Which of the following features is primarily associated with Web 2.0?
Which of the following features is primarily associated with Web 2.0?
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Which device is responsible for connecting different networks to the Internet?
Which device is responsible for connecting different networks to the Internet?
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Which aspect of networking gained prominence due to the rise of mobile devices and wireless connections?
Which aspect of networking gained prominence due to the rise of mobile devices and wireless connections?
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Which statement best describes the function of a modem?
Which statement best describes the function of a modem?
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What is the primary purpose of a firewall in a network?
What is the primary purpose of a firewall in a network?
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Which protocol is responsible for routing packets to their destination on the Internet?
Which protocol is responsible for routing packets to their destination on the Internet?
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What differentiates HTTPS from HTTP?
What differentiates HTTPS from HTTP?
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What role does Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) play in a network?
What role does Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) play in a network?
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Which network device is designed to enable wireless devices to connect to a wired network?
Which network device is designed to enable wireless devices to connect to a wired network?
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Which protocol would be used to retrieve emails from a server to a client?
Which protocol would be used to retrieve emails from a server to a client?
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Which of the following options describes the purpose of Domain Name System (DNS)?
Which of the following options describes the purpose of Domain Name System (DNS)?
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What is the primary purpose of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol?
What is the primary purpose of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol?
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Which of the following is NOT a common feature of web browsers?
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of web browsers?
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Which of these options correctly describes an Email Address?
Which of these options correctly describes an Email Address?
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Which browser is known for its privacy features and open-source development?
Which browser is known for its privacy features and open-source development?
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What is the function of the CC (Carbon Copy) feature in email?
What is the function of the CC (Carbon Copy) feature in email?
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Which web browser is optimized for use specifically on macOS and iOS?
Which web browser is optimized for use specifically on macOS and iOS?
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Which of the following describes the function of the Address Bar in a web browser?
Which of the following describes the function of the Address Bar in a web browser?
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What type of information can be included in the body of an email?
What type of information can be included in the body of an email?
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Study Notes
Module 4: Internet & E-mail
- The Internet is a global network connecting computers and devices. It enables information sharing through services like email, web browsing, and file sharing.
Brief Idea & History
- The Internet's foundation was laid in the 1960s with ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network).
- ARPANET was designed to share computer resources across long distances.
- In 1969, ARPANET connected four major universities in the US.
1970s - Birth of TCP/IP
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) became the standard communication protocol.
- It allowed different networks to interconnect.
- ARPANET connected to European networks in 1973.
1980s - Domain Name System (DNS) and Growth
- The Domain Name System (DNS) was introduced in 1983.
- It allowed easier identification of websites using names instead of numerical addresses.
- Universities and research institutions connected to ARPANET.
1990s - The World Wide Web (WWW)
- Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1991.
- WWW revolutionized internet access of information.
- Web browsers like Netscape and Mosaic were developed.
- Internet became more accessible.
- Commercialized in the mid-1990s with wide business and individual use.
2000s to Present - Expansion and Modern Internet
- Broadband connections, wireless networks, and mobile devices integrated the internet into daily life.
- Web 2.0 emerged, focusing on user-generated content, social media, and interactive platforms like Facebook and YouTube.
- Today, the Internet powers communication, entertainment, business, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Network Devices
- Router: Directs data packets between networks, ensuring correct destination. Connects local and wider networks.
- Switch: Connects devices within a local area network (LAN), forwarding data to the correct device at the data link layer.
- Hub: A basic networking device that broadcasts data to all connected devices. Less efficient than a switch.
- Modem: Converts between digital and analog signals, enabling device connection to the internet through telephone or cable systems.
- Access Point (AP): Enables wireless devices to connect to a network creating a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) - often used in Wi-Fi networks.
- Firewall: A security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules. It helps protect a network from unauthorized access.
Protocols
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Foundational suite of protocols for the internet. TCP ensures reliable data transfer, while IP handles packet routing.
- HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure): Used to transfer web pages. HTTPS is a secure version, encrypting data.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between a client and a server. Commonly used for uploading and downloading files.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for sending emails between servers. Ensures reliable email delivery.
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): Used to download emails from a server. Typically removes emails after downloading.
- IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Used to retrieve emails while keeping them on the server, enabling access from multiple devices and synchronization.
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. Eliminates manual configuration needs.
- DNS (Domain Name System): Translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. Allows users to access websites by easy-to-remember names.
- SSH (Secure Shell): A protocol used to securely connect to remote devices over an encrypted connection for remote server administration.
Web Browser
- Software application to access, retrieve, and view internet information. Acts as a gateway to the World Wide Web. Interprets and displays web pages, multimedia, and other resources.
- Common features include: address bar, navigation buttons (back, forward, refresh, home), bookmarks, tabs, and download manager. Security features such as private browsing mode.
Email (Electronic Mail)
- Method of exchanging digital messages over the internet. Widely used communication tool.
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Components:
- Email Address: Unique identifier (e.g., [email protected]).
- Username: Identifier for user or entity (e.g., john.doe).
- Domain: Server hosting email service (e.g., gmail.com, outlook.com)
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Email Parts:
- Subject Line: Brief description of content.
- Body: Main email content (text, images, hyperlinks).
- Attachments: Files sent with email.
- CC (Carbon Copy): Sends a copy of the email.
- BCC (Blind Carbon Copy): Sends a copy without revealing recipient email addresses.
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Working Procedure:
- Composing and Sending: User composes email in client software, clicks 'send' and connects to sender's SMTP server.
- Email Transmission: Email forwarded to recipient's mail transfer agent (MTA).
- Email Reception: Email stored on recipient's server until retrieved. Recipient retrieves using protocols like POP3(downloads and deletes from server) or IMAP (synchronizes between devices).
- Reading: Recipient accesses email server. The email client displays the email(retrieving through IMAP or POP3).
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Description
Explore the evolution of the Internet from ARPANET to the present. This quiz will cover key developments, including TCP/IP and the introduction of DNS, along with the impact of the World Wide Web. Test your knowledge and understanding of Internet history and technologies.
