The Development of Aggression in Children

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Which of the following statements about the trajectory of aggression in children is most accurate?

Aggression steadily increases throughout childhood.

Aggression remains constant from birth to adulthood.

Aggression peaks around the teenage years and then declines.

Aggression peaks at 2 years and then declines as children become more socialized. (correct)

How do the nature of aggressive behaviors change with developmental periods?

The kind and nature of aggressive behaviors presented also change with developmental periods. (correct)

Aggressive behaviors become more severe with age.

Aggressive behaviors remain consistent throughout development.

Aggressive behaviors become less predictable.

Is aggression considered innate, as suggested by Tremblay et al. (1999)?

Aggression is solely a result of environmental factors.

Yes, aggression is entirely innate and unmodifiable.

Aggression may have innate components, but self-regulation and self-control of negative impulses are learned responses. (correct)

No, it is entirely learned and not influenced by genetics.

Which of the following is involved in the process of socialization in relation to self-control and behavioral regulation?

Promotes the internalization of social cues and values Signup and view all the answers

How does cognition play a role in self-control and behavioral regulation?

It involves problem-solving to help children get what they want while avoiding social disapproval Signup and view all the answers

What does response delay refer to in relation to cognition?

A pause before reacting to a situation or impulse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of emotional regulation in relation to self-control and behavioral regulation?

It allows for the expression and inhibition of emotional responses. Signup and view all the answers

What do prosocial behaviors and interpersonal aggression have in common in terms of understanding?

Both require an understanding of intent. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of prosocial behaviors, what is the typical intent?

Intent to purposefully help another Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aggression involves actions like pushing or shoving to obtain an object, without a clear intent to harm?

c. Instrumental aggression Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes interpersonal or hostile aggression from other forms of aggression?

c. It is characterized by an intent to purposefully hurt another. Signup and view all the answers

How does the development of a sense of 'fairness' relate to interpersonal aggression in children?

c. It may increase interpersonal aggression as children seek to 'get even.' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes reactive aggression in terms of its timing and response?

c. It is hot-blooded, involving a spur-of-the-moment reaction to perceived threat or provocation. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes reactive aggression in terms of its onset and physiological response?

a. It typically has an earlier onset and is associated with autonomic nervous system arousal. Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological model is associated with reactive aggression, suggesting that when individuals are angry, they act out without thinking?

b. The Frustration-Aggression Model Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors are often associated with reactive aggression?

Harsh/inconsistent parenting and emotion dysregulation Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes proactive aggression in terms of timing and motivation?

It is cold-blooded, planned and premeditated, motivated by rewards Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical onset of proactive aggression?

It has a later onset Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parenting style is often linked to proactive aggression?

Harsh and maladaptive parenting Signup and view all the answers

What behaviors are typically associated with proactive aggression?

Acts of domination and coercion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals known as 'early starters' in terms of their aggressive behavior?

Their aggression continues to escalate past the typical developmental period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the increased risk associated with kids classified as 'early starters' in terms of their aggressive behavior?

They have an increased risk for a stable pattern of aggression into later years and the development of externalizing disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What are some family risk factors associated with 'early starters' and their aggressive behavior?

Avoidant attachment and low caregiver sensitivity and quality Signup and view all the answers

How does caregiver depression relate to family risk factors for 'early starters'?

It is associated with an increased risk of early aggression. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the high-risk factors associated with stable aggression in children?

Maternal depression, including irritability, negativism, criticism, and low positive affect Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between maternal practices of caring and warmth and child aggression?

They are associated with higher adaptive and coping skills, reducing aggressive behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between maternal practices of caring and warmth and child aggression?