COPY: The Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein

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What is the primary flow of genetic information in the Central Dogma?

RNA is used to make DNA is used to make Protein

Protein is used to make RNA is used to make DNA

DNA is used to make RNA is used to make Protein (correct)

RNA is used to make Protein is used to make DNA

What is the function of the transcribed region in a gene?

It acts as a binding site for repressor proteins

It serves as a template for the transcribed RNA (correct)

It recruits basal transcription factors

It regulates the activity of RNA polymerase

What is the primary mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Positive regulation using transcriptional activators

Negative regulation using repressor proteins (correct)

Epigenetic modification of DNA

Gene silencing using RNA interference

What is the function of basal transcription factors in eukaryotes?

They recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enhancers in gene regulation?

They greatly increase transcription when bound by transcriptional activators Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the transcription start site in a gene?

It corresponds to the first nucleotide at the 5' end of the RNA product Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation?

Prokaryotes use negative regulation, while eukaryotes use positive regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of regulatory transcription factors in eukaryotes?

They bind to proximal control elements to modify transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the promoter in gene regulation?

It recruits basal transcription factors to initiate transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 5' end of the RNA product in a gene?

It corresponds to the transcription start site Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

To unwind DNA and assemble complementary RNA nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 5' cap and 3' polyA tail in mRNA?

To protect the mRNA and aid in export to the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of splicing in mRNA processing?

Removal of introns and ligation of exons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

To hydrogen bond with the proper codon on mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ribosome in translation?

To enzymatically assemble polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of translation initiation in eukaryotes?

The small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA at the 5'-cap Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the release factor in translation?

To halt translation when a stop codon is reached Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the promoter in transcription?

To recognize the RNA polymerase and initiate transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of transcription termination?

The RNA polymerase releases the RNA transcript Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a replication bubble and a transcription bubble?

A replication bubble is formed during DNA replication, while a transcription bubble is formed during transcription Signup and view all the answers