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T1 L14: Regulating immunological responses: role of cytokines and chemokines (DT)
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T1 L14: Regulating immunological responses: role of cytokines and chemokines (DT)

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Questions and Answers

Which cytokines stimulate the production of IL-17 and IL-22?

  • IL-1 and IL-6 (correct)
  • TNF and IL-1
  • IL-2
  • IFN-g and IL-4

    • What is the main function of Th17 cytokines?

  • Inhibit immune responses
  • Promote tissue repair
  • Destroy bacteria and fungi
  • Recruit neutrophils (correct)

    • Which cytokines inhibit Th17 cytokines?

  • IL-2 and IL-22
  • IFN-g and IL-4 (correct)
  • TNF and IL-1
  • IL-1 and IL-6

    • Which cytokine is produced by Th17 cells in epithelial tissues?

    <p>IL-22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>IL-17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine maintains epithelial integrity and stimulates repair reactions?

    <p>IL-22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor family is involved in cytokine signaling?

    <p>Both type I and type II receptor families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Th1 cytokines?

    <p>Eliminate intracellular infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is responsible for the activation of macrophages, DCs, and other cells to produce TNF, IL-1, and chemokines?

    <p>IFNg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of T naïve cells into Th2 cells?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Th2 cytokines?

    <p>Promote tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is central to the development of atopic diseases such as allergy and asthma?

    <p>IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells encounter microbes in extravascular tissue and secrete cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which leukocytes move closer to the vessel lining?

    <p>Rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which leukocytes migrate to the site of infection and tissue injury?

    <p>Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete the chemokines that promote the movement of T cells from blood into the T cell zone in lymph nodes?

    <p>Fibroblastic reticular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells express high levels of CXCR5 and bind CXCL13 in lymph nodes?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excessive inflammatory reaction caused by hyperactive resistance of the host against severe influenza viruses called?

    <p>Cytokine storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Cytokines are secreted proteins responsible for the interaction between cells of the immune system with one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in coordinating immune responses?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chemokines primarily responsible for?

    <p>Regulation of cell adhesion and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokines and immunological diseases?

    <p>Cytokines are targeted by drugs for treating immunological diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokine pleiotropy?

    <p>The higher pleiotropy, the more cell types or tissues are targeted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cytokines act on their target cells?

    <p>By binding to specific membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cytokines?

    <p>Protein molecules made by certain immune and non-immune cells that have effects on the immune system and other cells and tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>They can act in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine fashion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemokines?

    <p>To stimulate the migration of white blood cells to tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main family of chemokines?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the action of cytokines cause?

    <p>Cytokine storm, autoimmune diseases, and allergic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cytokines and chemokines used for in therapeutic settings?

    <p>Cytokines can be used to treat psoriasis and viral hepatitis C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family of kinases is responsible for phosphorylating proteins in the cell?

    <p>Janus kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in the activation of gene transcription?

    <p>To promote the expression of important genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subset of effector CD4+ T cells is involved in the response against intracellular pathogens?

    <p>Th1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are the signature cytokines of Th1 cells?

    <p>IL-2 and IFN-gamma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Th17 cytokines?

    <p>Induce an inflammatory response against extracellular infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is central to the development of atopic diseases such as allergy and asthma?

    <p>IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine maintains epithelial integrity and stimulates repair reactions?

    <p>IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is responsible for the activation of macrophages, DCs, and other cells to produce TNF, IL-1, and chemokines?

    <p>IL-23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are the main producers of IL-17 and IL-22?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of IL-17?

    <p>Inducing neutrophil inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine inhibits the production of IL-12 and antigen presentation?

    <p>IL-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are produced by Tregs and have inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects?

    <p>IL-10 and TGF-beta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete chemokines that promote the movement of immune cells from blood into tissues and within tissues?

    <p>Endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is produced by activated T cells and acts on the same cell to promote proliferation, survival, and differentiation?

    <p>Interleukin-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine can act on B cells to induce class switch to IgG and also act on T cells to induce Th2 differentiation?

    <p>Interleukin-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is produced by Th17 cells in epithelial tissues and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Interleukin-17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

    <p>Cytokines and chemokines are secreted proteins responsible for the interaction between cells of the immune system and other host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes cytokines?

    <p>Cytokines are proteins responsible for regulating the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemokines?

    <p>Chemokines maintain epithelial integrity and stimulate repair reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in coordinating immune responses?

    <p>Cytokines regulate the differentiation of T cells into Th1 or Th2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cytokine receptors?

    <p>Cytokine receptors are responsible for mediating the effects of cytokines on target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether cytokines have an effect on other cell types and tissues?

    <p>The distribution of cytokine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of cytokines?

    <p>To act as signaling molecules between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokine signaling pathways?

    <p>To amplify the effects of cytokines on target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes chemokines?

    <p>Small secreted proteins that signal through cells and stimulate the migration of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemokines?

    <p>To induce the movement of cells in response to a gradient of chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemokines in the immune system?

    <p>They play a central role in the development and functioning of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is involved in chemokine signaling?

    <p>G protein-coupled receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chemotaxis?

    <p>The movement of cells in response to a gradient of chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between chemokines and cytokines?

    <p>Chemokines are a type of cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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