T1 L14: Regulating immunological responses: role of cytokines and chemokines (DT)

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Questions and Answers

Which cytokines stimulate the production of IL-17 and IL-22?

  • IL-1 and IL-6 (correct)
  • TNF and IL-1
  • IL-2
  • IFN-g and IL-4

What is the main function of Th17 cytokines?

  • Inhibit immune responses
  • Promote tissue repair
  • Destroy bacteria and fungi
  • Recruit neutrophils (correct)

Which cytokines inhibit Th17 cytokines?

  • IL-2 and IL-22
  • IFN-g and IL-4 (correct)
  • TNF and IL-1
  • IL-1 and IL-6

Which cytokine is produced by Th17 cells in epithelial tissues?

<p>IL-22 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines?

<p>IL-17 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine maintains epithelial integrity and stimulates repair reactions?

<p>IL-22 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor family is involved in cytokine signaling?

<p>Both type I and type II receptor families (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Th1 cytokines?

<p>Eliminate intracellular infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for the activation of macrophages, DCs, and other cells to produce TNF, IL-1, and chemokines?

<p>IFNg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine stimulates the differentiation of T naïve cells into Th2 cells?

<p>IL-4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Th2 cytokines?

<p>Promote tissue repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is central to the development of atopic diseases such as allergy and asthma?

<p>IL-13 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells encounter microbes in extravascular tissue and secrete cytokines and chemokines?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which leukocytes move closer to the vessel lining?

<p>Rolling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which leukocytes migrate to the site of infection and tissue injury?

<p>Migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete the chemokines that promote the movement of T cells from blood into the T cell zone in lymph nodes?

<p>Fibroblastic reticular cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells express high levels of CXCR5 and bind CXCL13 in lymph nodes?

<p>Follicular dendritic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the excessive inflammatory reaction caused by hyperactive resistance of the host against severe influenza viruses called?

<p>Cytokine storm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

<p>Cytokines are secreted proteins responsible for the interaction between cells of the immune system with one another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in coordinating immune responses?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chemokines primarily responsible for?

<p>Regulation of cell adhesion and migration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokines and immunological diseases?

<p>Cytokines are targeted by drugs for treating immunological diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokine pleiotropy?

<p>The higher pleiotropy, the more cell types or tissues are targeted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cytokines act on their target cells?

<p>By binding to specific membrane receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cytokines?

<p>Protein molecules made by certain immune and non-immune cells that have effects on the immune system and other cells and tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

<p>They can act in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine fashion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chemokines?

<p>To stimulate the migration of white blood cells to tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main family of chemokines?

<p>C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the action of cytokines cause?

<p>Cytokine storm, autoimmune diseases, and allergic diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cytokines and chemokines used for in therapeutic settings?

<p>Cytokines can be used to treat psoriasis and viral hepatitis C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family of kinases is responsible for phosphorylating proteins in the cell?

<p>Janus kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transcription factors in the activation of gene transcription?

<p>To promote the expression of important genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subset of effector CD4+ T cells is involved in the response against intracellular pathogens?

<p>Th1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are the signature cytokines of Th1 cells?

<p>IL-2 and IFN-gamma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Th17 cytokines?

<p>Induce an inflammatory response against extracellular infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is central to the development of atopic diseases such as allergy and asthma?

<p>IL-13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine maintains epithelial integrity and stimulates repair reactions?

<p>IL-13 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for the activation of macrophages, DCs, and other cells to produce TNF, IL-1, and chemokines?

<p>IL-23 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are the main producers of IL-17 and IL-22?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of IL-17?

<p>Inducing neutrophil inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine inhibits the production of IL-12 and antigen presentation?

<p>IL-10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are produced by Tregs and have inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects?

<p>IL-10 and TGF-beta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete chemokines that promote the movement of immune cells from blood into tissues and within tissues?

<p>Endothelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is produced by activated T cells and acts on the same cell to promote proliferation, survival, and differentiation?

<p>Interleukin-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine can act on B cells to induce class switch to IgG and also act on T cells to induce Th2 differentiation?

<p>Interleukin-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is produced by Th17 cells in epithelial tissues and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines?

<p>Interleukin-17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokines and chemokines?

<p>Cytokines and chemokines are secreted proteins responsible for the interaction between cells of the immune system and other host cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cytokines?

<p>Cytokines are proteins responsible for regulating the immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chemokines?

<p>Chemokines maintain epithelial integrity and stimulate repair reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in coordinating immune responses?

<p>Cytokines regulate the differentiation of T cells into Th1 or Th2 cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cytokine receptors?

<p>Cytokine receptors are responsible for mediating the effects of cytokines on target cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether cytokines have an effect on other cell types and tissues?

<p>The distribution of cytokine receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cytokines?

<p>To act as signaling molecules between cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokine signaling pathways?

<p>To amplify the effects of cytokines on target cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes chemokines?

<p>Small secreted proteins that signal through cells and stimulate the migration of cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chemokines?

<p>To induce the movement of cells in response to a gradient of chemokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemokines in the immune system?

<p>They play a central role in the development and functioning of the immune system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor is involved in chemokine signaling?

<p>G protein-coupled receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemotaxis?

<p>The movement of cells in response to a gradient of chemokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between chemokines and cytokines?

<p>Chemokines are a type of cytokine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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