57 Questions
Which of the following is a function of astrocytes?
Metabolism
Which of the following is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid plexus
What is the normal volume of cerebrospinal fluid in the human body?
150ml
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?
Cushioning
What is the term for obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid flow?
Hydrocephalus
Which cells line the fluid compartments in the brain?
Ependymal cells
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Structure
What is the term for shrinking of brain tissue, as seen in dementias?
Ex vacuo
What is the function of microglial cells?
Monocyte-lineage population
What is the function of meninges in the brain?
Protection
Which of the following is a consequence of raised intracranial pressure?
Compression of the medulla oblongata
What is the most common cause of space occupying lesions in the brain?
Neoplasm
What type of injury occurs when the brain hits the opposite side of the cranium due to its inertia?
Contusion
What type of vascular injury is associated with severe trauma and arterial laceration?
Extradural hematoma
Which artery is typically involved in extradural hematoma?
Middle meningeal artery
What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Ruptured berry aneurysm
What type of infarction is characterized by liquefactive necrosis?
Ischemic infarction
What is the histological feature of acute neuronal injury in cerebral infarction?
Red neurons
What is the main cause of irreversible hypoxic/ischemic insult in cerebral infarction?
Ischemia
What is the most common type of CNS/PNS neoplasm?
Neoplasm
Which percentage of childhood tumours are located in the CNS?
20%
Which type of tumours are considered as primary CNS tumours?
Gliomas and meningiomas
Which type of tumour can be very dangerous?
Medulloblastoma
Which infection is NOT mentioned in the text?
Malaria
Which pathogen is NOT mentioned as a cause of bacterial meningitis?
Candida albicans
Which tumour is obstructing the foramen magnum with medulla and cord compression?
Meningioma
Which percentage of childhood tumours are metastatic?
25%
Which type of tumour is NOT mentioned as a peripheral nerve sheath tumour?
Medulloblastoma
Which type of tumour is NOT mentioned as a neural tumour?
Astrocytoma
Which type of tumour is considered as a poorly differentiated neoplasm?
Medulloblastoma
What are the four main structures in the head?
Neurons, glia, meninges, blood vessels
What is the main focus of neuropathology?
Fluid circulation and injury
What are the bodies of neurons called?
Nuclei
Which type of cells are responsible for the regulation of metabolism in the brain?
Astrocytes
What is the function of oligodendrocytes in the brain?
Formation of myelin sheath
Which layer of the meninges is directly attached to the inside of the skull bone?
Dura
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?
Cushioning of the CNS
What is the most life-threatening complication of raised intracranial pressure?
Tonsil herniation
Which cranial nerve is affected by isolated transient tonsil herniation?
Ocular materials nerve
What is the characteristic feature of tonsil herniation on imaging?
Circular indentation on the cerebellum
Which area of the brain is most affected by subfields in herniation?
Vasculature
Which of the following is a characteristic of the ventricular system in the brain?
The aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles
Where does the CSF flow after leaving the fourth ventricle?
Into the superior sagittal sinus
What can cause obstruction to CSF flow in the ventricular system?
All of the above
What can lead to expansion of the intra cerebral ventricular system and a form of hydrocephalus?
Shrinkage or loss of brain tissue
Which term describes the compression of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum, resulting in a cone shape?
Coning herniation
What is the immediate cause of death in a patient with raised intracranial pressure?
Coning herniation
What is the standard procedure to relieve cerebral edema in traumatic brain injuries?
Surgery to remove part of the skull
What is the term for the diffuse increase in fluid content of brain tissues?
Cerebral edema
Which type of hydrocephalus is characterized by obstruction of the arachnoid granulation?
Communicating hydrocephalus
What is the main cause of raised intracranial pressure?
Infection and inflammation
What happens if intracranial pressure is not alleviated or relieved?
Herniation occurs
Which condition can cause an increase in intracranial pressure by occupying space within the skull?
Tumors
What is the term used to describe a bruise-like injury to the brain tissue?
Contusion
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of lesion that can result from head trauma?
Hematoma
What is the term used to describe the injury that occurs when the brain hits the opposite side of the cranium due to its inertia?
Coup injury
What is the term used to describe a space-occupying lesion caused by infarction?
Infarction
Test your knowledge of neuropathology with this quiz! Explore topics such as histology of neural tissues, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, traumatic intracranial injury, stroke, neoplasms, and infections. Perfect for medical students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of neuropathology.
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