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Questions and Answers
Which type of synapse is faster and coupled via gap junctions?
Which type of synapse is faster and coupled via gap junctions?
- Electrical synapse (correct)
- Inhibitory synapse
- Excitatory synapse
- Chemical synapse
What is the size of the gap in electrical synapses?
What is the size of the gap in electrical synapses?
- 3.5 nm (correct)
- 5 nm
- 1 nm
- 2 nm
Which of the following is true about electrical synapses?
Which of the following is true about electrical synapses?
- They weaken the signal as it is transmitted (correct)
- They exhibit plasticity
- They can inhibit the post-synaptic cell
- They have amplification
What determines whether a neuron fires based on the 'add together' of all the tiny signals it receives from several other neurons?
What determines whether a neuron fires based on the 'add together' of all the tiny signals it receives from several other neurons?
Which ion channel is most likely inhibited by this mechanism?
Which ion channel is most likely inhibited by this mechanism?
What is the equilibrium potential of K+?
What is the equilibrium potential of K+?
What is the role of the electrical force in determining the equilibrium potential?
What is the role of the electrical force in determining the equilibrium potential?
If the cell membrane was 1000X more permeable to K+ than to any other ion, what would be the membrane potential?
If the cell membrane was 1000X more permeable to K+ than to any other ion, what would be the membrane potential?
What would be the membrane potential if both K+ channels and Na+ channels were open and if the cell was exactly equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
What would be the membrane potential if both K+ channels and Na+ channels were open and if the cell was exactly equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
What is the reversal potential of K+ (EK)?
What is the reversal potential of K+ (EK)?
Which of the following represents the main way that neurons code the intensity of their synaptic input?
Which of the following represents the main way that neurons code the intensity of their synaptic input?
What is the relationship between threshold voltage and firing frequency?
What is the relationship between threshold voltage and firing frequency?
What is the difference between inactivated and closed channels?
What is the difference between inactivated and closed channels?
What happens to the membrane voltage when Na+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when Na+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when K+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when K+ channels open?
Which of the following drugs raises the threshold and lowers excitability of neurons?
Which of the following drugs raises the threshold and lowers excitability of neurons?
According to the mnemonic for equilibrium potentials, which of the following statements is true?
According to the mnemonic for equilibrium potentials, which of the following statements is true?
Which equation represents the Nernst Equation for deriving equilibrium potentials?
Which equation represents the Nernst Equation for deriving equilibrium potentials?
Which of the following is true about action potentials?
Which of the following is true about action potentials?
What is the basis of saltatory conduction?
What is the basis of saltatory conduction?
Which of the following statements about electrotonic conduction is true?
Which of the following statements about electrotonic conduction is true?
What is the typical conduction velocity for alpha motor fibers?
What is the typical conduction velocity for alpha motor fibers?
Which of the following best describes temporal summation in neuronal signaling?
Which of the following best describes temporal summation in neuronal signaling?
During an action potential, what happens when the voltage reaches the threshold?
During an action potential, what happens when the voltage reaches the threshold?
What causes the initial depolarization in an action potential?
What causes the initial depolarization in an action potential?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
What causes repolarization in an action potential?
What causes repolarization in an action potential?
What happens during the after-hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?
What happens during the after-hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?
Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What is the equilibrium potential of Na+ (ENa)?
What is the equilibrium potential of Na+ (ENa)?
Which ion channel is responsible for the initial depolarization in an action potential?
Which ion channel is responsible for the initial depolarization in an action potential?
What is the typical conduction velocity for C fibers?
What is the typical conduction velocity for C fibers?
What is the difference between inactivated and closed channels?
What is the difference between inactivated and closed channels?
What happens to the membrane voltage when K+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when K+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when Na+ channels open?
What happens to the membrane voltage when Na+ channels open?
What happens during the after-hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?
What happens during the after-hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
During which phase of the action potential does the membrane voltage reach its peak?
During which phase of the action potential does the membrane voltage reach its peak?
What is the approximate duration of an action potential?
What is the approximate duration of an action potential?
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) range?
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) range?
What is the primary determinant of the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What is the primary determinant of the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
Which of the following accurately describes the effect of an increase in extracellular Na+ on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
Which of the following accurately describes the effect of an increase in extracellular Na+ on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What would happen to the resting membrane potential if extracellular K+ suddenly increased?
What would happen to the resting membrane potential if extracellular K+ suddenly increased?
Why do graded potentials diminish over distance?
Why do graded potentials diminish over distance?
Why do axons need action potentials to propagate signals long distances?
Why do axons need action potentials to propagate signals long distances?
Which of the following is true about conduction velocity in neurons?
Which of the following is true about conduction velocity in neurons?
Which of the following structural features increases conduction velocity in neurons?
Which of the following structural features increases conduction velocity in neurons?
What is the effect of myelination on conduction velocity in neurons?
What is the effect of myelination on conduction velocity in neurons?
What is the purpose of Nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons?
What is the purpose of Nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons?
Which of the following is NOT a source of K+ permeability that causes K+ to flow out of the cell during the afterhyperpolarisation?
Which of the following is NOT a source of K+ permeability that causes K+ to flow out of the cell during the afterhyperpolarisation?
Which of the following is true about a graded potential?
Which of the following is true about a graded potential?
What is the main transmembrane force on an ion at its equilibrium potential?
What is the main transmembrane force on an ion at its equilibrium potential?
Which of the following drug classes does NOT block sodium channels as part of their mechanism of action?
Which of the following drug classes does NOT block sodium channels as part of their mechanism of action?
Which of the following is true about the velocity of blood in the aorta?
Which of the following is true about the velocity of blood in the aorta?
Which of the following best describes the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Which of the following best describes the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
What would happen if the membrane suddenly became 100X more permeable to Cl¯ ions than to any other ion?
What would happen if the membrane suddenly became 100X more permeable to Cl¯ ions than to any other ion?
What is the definition of Na+ channel inactivation and how does it affect sodium channel activity during different phases of the action potential?
What is the definition of Na+ channel inactivation and how does it affect sodium channel activity during different phases of the action potential?
Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential (RMP) under the influence of this drug?
Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential (RMP) under the influence of this drug?
What effect will the drug have on the repolarization of the action potential (AP)?
What effect will the drug have on the repolarization of the action potential (AP)?
What effect will the drug have on the duration of the action potential (AP)?
What effect will the drug have on the duration of the action potential (AP)?
What effect will doubling the Na/K pump activity have on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What effect will doubling the Na/K pump activity have on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What effect will half-blocking the K+ current have on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What effect will half-blocking the K+ current have on the resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What effect will doubling the Na/K pump activity have on the electrogenic effects of the drug?
What effect will doubling the Na/K pump activity have on the electrogenic effects of the drug?
According to the text, what would happen if the delayed rectifier K+ channels opened immediately upon depolarization?
According to the text, what would happen if the delayed rectifier K+ channels opened immediately upon depolarization?
According to the text, what are 5 ways to initiate a subthreshold stimulus in a neuron that might lead to an action potential?
According to the text, what are 5 ways to initiate a subthreshold stimulus in a neuron that might lead to an action potential?
According to the text, why does Vm become more negative than the RMP during the after-hyperpolarization?
According to the text, why does Vm become more negative than the RMP during the after-hyperpolarization?
According to the text, what would be the equilibrium potential of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor if it is equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
According to the text, what would be the equilibrium potential of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor if it is equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
Which of the following channels is responsible for the initial depolarization in an action potential?
Which of the following channels is responsible for the initial depolarization in an action potential?
What is the main transmembrane force on an ion at its equilibrium potential?
What is the main transmembrane force on an ion at its equilibrium potential?
Which of the following drugs raises the threshold and lowers excitability of neurons?
Which of the following drugs raises the threshold and lowers excitability of neurons?
What is the effect of myelination on conduction velocity in neurons?
What is the effect of myelination on conduction velocity in neurons?
Which of the following best describes the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Which of the following best describes the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
What is the typical conduction velocity for alpha motor fibers?
What is the typical conduction velocity for alpha motor fibers?
Which of the following is NOT a source of K+ permeability that causes K+ to flow out of the cell during the afterhyperpolarisation?
Which of the following is NOT a source of K+ permeability that causes K+ to flow out of the cell during the afterhyperpolarisation?
What would be the membrane potential if both K+ channels and Na+ channels were open and if the cell was exactly equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
What would be the membrane potential if both K+ channels and Na+ channels were open and if the cell was exactly equally permeable to Na+ and K+?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
What happens during the positive feedback loop of depolarization in an action potential?
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