Tests for Efficacy and Defects of Innate Immunity

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Which type of cells secrete fatty acids and defensins in sweat as part of the first line of defense?

Macrophages

Dendritic cells

Neutrophils

Epithelial cells (correct)

What is the function of surfactants secreted by type II pneumocytes in the respiratory tract as a part of the first line of defense?

Secrete antimicrobial peptides

Lubricate the alveoli (correct)

Bind pathogens for phagocytosis

Promote cough-sneeze reflex

Which of the following is a component of the first line of defense in the gastrointestinal tract due to its role in secreting antimicrobial peptides?

Epithelium

Paneth cells (correct)

Resident bacteria

Stomach acidity

What is the main function of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in the genitourinary tract as a part of the first line of defense?

Promote urine acidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the body's first line of defense?

Preventing pathogens from entering the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-cellular component of the innate immune system?

Mucus membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle involved in pathogen recognition by innate cells?

Pattern recognition Signup and view all the answers

How does the innate immune system affect the adaptive immune system?

By initiating and modulating adaptive immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferons is primarily involved in antiviral defense?

IFN-α Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferon is also involved in defenses against intracellular pathogens, but is associated more with cellular immunity?

IFN- Signup and view all the answers

Which cardinal sign is associated with increased blood flow and erythema?

Redness – Rubor Signup and view all the answers

What does NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) measure in phagocytes?

Killing capacity by ROS Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells express CD56, but not TCR, and are a special type of T cells?

Natural Killer Cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of type III interferons?

Not mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for the process of phagocytosis?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor found on innate cells is responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) Signup and view all the answers

Which major signal transduction pathway is involved in the innate immune response and activation of inflammatory genes?

NF-κB pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which specific type of enzyme is involved in the intracellular killing by phagocytes?

Myeloperoxidase Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for secreting proinflammatory cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection?

Mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferons are primarily involved in antiviral defense?

IFN- Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells?

Activation of NK cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of type III interferons in the immune system?

Inhibition of viral replication Signup and view all the answers

Which cells express CD56, but not T-cell receptor, and are a special type of T cells?

Natural Killer Cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferon is associated more with cellular immunity and defenses against intracellular pathogens?

IFN- Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is activated by IL-12, IFN-, TNF-, IL-15, and possesses Fc receptor FcRIII (CD16) for Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

KAR (Killer Activation Receptor) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is involved in NK Cell - Adaptive Killing Function and possesses the inducible expression of FasL and releases perforin/granzyme?

NK Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Apoptosis in immunity?

To induce cell death in self-reactive lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to the activation of Fas+ target cells and eventually results in Cell Death via Fas/FasL Apoptosis?

Binding of FasL to Fas on target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FasL in inducing cell death?

Inducing apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for secreting fatty acids and defensins in sweat as part of the first line of defense?

Epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are known for their rapid response and non-specific receptors encoded in the germ line?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for antigen presentation and are part of the first line of defense in the skin?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are involved in the flushing action of urine as part of the first line of defense in the genitourinary tract?

Epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are known for their ability to secrete TNF-α and IL-8 as part of the innate immune response?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a protein secreted by Paneth cells in the gastrointestinal tract as a part of the first line of defense?

Lysozyme Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily involved in the lubrication of alveoli and binding of pathogens for phagocytosis in the respiratory tract?

Surfactant Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is known for its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions in the genitourinary tract?

Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is secreted by sweat glands as part of the first line of defense?

Defensins Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are predominantly secreted by Paneth cells in the gastrointestinal tract as a part of innate immunity?

Antimicrobial peptides Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferon is primarily involved in antiviral defense?

IFN- Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of C-reactive protein as part of the innate immune system?

Detection of pathogens and initiation of the complement cascade Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells secrete defensins as part of the first line of defense?

Type II pneumocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of acute phase proteins in the innate immune system?

Detection of pathogens and initiation of the complement cascade Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) in phagocytes?

Killing capacity by ROS Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for secreting antimicrobial peptides?

Keratinocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of defensins secreted by various cells in innate immunity?

Inhibiting viral replication Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the process of intracellular killing by phagocytes?

Myeloperoxidase Signup and view all the answers

Which specific non-cellular component plays a role in preventing pathogens from binding to host cell receptors?

Mannose-binding lectin Signup and view all the answers

Which protein plays a role in opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis of pathogens?

Lactoferrin Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is secreted by type II pneumocytes in the respiratory tract as part of the first line of defense?

Surfactant protein A Signup and view all the answers

Which non-enzymatic protein contributes to the protection of mucosal surfaces in the gastrointestinal tract?

Mucin Signup and view all the answers

Which protein functions by binding iron ions and thereby inhibiting bacterial growth?

Lactoferrin Signup and view all the answers

Which non-enzymatic protein contributes to the regulation of the complement system and phagocytosis?

Mannose-binding lectin Signup and view all the answers

Which protein contributes to the process of opsonization and phagocytosis and also has antimicrobial properties?

Cathelicidin Signup and view all the answers

Tests for Efficacy and Defects of Innate Immunity

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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells secrete fatty acids and defensins in sweat as part of the first line of defense?

What is the function of surfactants secreted by type II pneumocytes in the respiratory tract as a part of the first line of defense?

Which of the following is a component of the first line of defense in the gastrointestinal tract due to its role in secreting antimicrobial peptides?

What is the main function of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in the genitourinary tract as a part of the first line of defense?

What is the primary function of the body's first line of defense?

Which of the following is a non-cellular component of the innate immune system?

What is the main principle involved in pathogen recognition by innate cells?

How does the innate immune system affect the adaptive immune system?

Which type of interferons is primarily involved in antiviral defense?

Which type of interferon is also involved in defenses against intracellular pathogens, but is associated more with cellular immunity?

Which cardinal sign is associated with increased blood flow and erythema?

What does NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) measure in phagocytes?

Which type of cells express CD56, but not TCR, and are a special type of T cells?

What is the primary function of type III interferons?

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for the process of phagocytosis?

Which type of receptor found on innate cells is responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

Which major signal transduction pathway is involved in the innate immune response and activation of inflammatory genes?

Which specific type of enzyme is involved in the intracellular killing by phagocytes?

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for secreting proinflammatory cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection?

Which type of interferons are primarily involved in antiviral defense?

What is the main function of natural killer (NK) cells?

What is the role of type III interferons in the immune system?

Which cells express CD56, but not T-cell receptor, and are a special type of T cells?

Which type of interferon is associated more with cellular immunity and defenses against intracellular pathogens?

Which receptor is activated by IL-12, IFN-, TNF-, IL-15, and possesses Fc receptor FcRIII (CD16) for Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Which cell is involved in NK Cell - Adaptive Killing Function and possesses the inducible expression of FasL and releases perforin/granzyme?

What is the primary function of Apoptosis in immunity?

Which process leads to the activation of Fas+ target cells and eventually results in Cell Death via Fas/FasL Apoptosis?

What is the role of FasL in inducing cell death?

Which type of cells are responsible for secreting fatty acids and defensins in sweat as part of the first line of defense?

Which type of cells are known for their rapid response and non-specific receptors encoded in the germ line?

Which type of cells are responsible for antigen presentation and are part of the first line of defense in the skin?

Which type of cells are involved in the flushing action of urine as part of the first line of defense in the genitourinary tract?

Which type of cells are known for their ability to secrete TNF-α and IL-8 as part of the innate immune response?

Which of the following is a protein secreted by Paneth cells in the gastrointestinal tract as a part of the first line of defense?

Which protein is primarily involved in the lubrication of alveoli and binding of pathogens for phagocytosis in the respiratory tract?

Which protein is known for its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions in the genitourinary tract?

Which protein is secreted by sweat glands as part of the first line of defense?

What type of proteins are predominantly secreted by Paneth cells in the gastrointestinal tract as a part of innate immunity?

Which type of interferon is primarily involved in antiviral defense?

What is the function of C-reactive protein as part of the innate immune system?

Which type of cells secrete defensins as part of the first line of defense?

What is the primary role of acute phase proteins in the innate immune system?

What is measured by NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) in phagocytes?

Which cellular component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for secreting antimicrobial peptides?

What is the primary function of defensins secreted by various cells in innate immunity?

Which enzyme is involved in the process of intracellular killing by phagocytes?

Which specific non-cellular component plays a role in preventing pathogens from binding to host cell receptors?

Which protein plays a role in opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis of pathogens?

Which protein is secreted by type II pneumocytes in the respiratory tract as part of the first line of defense?

Which non-enzymatic protein contributes to the protection of mucosal surfaces in the gastrointestinal tract?

Which protein functions by binding iron ions and thereby inhibiting bacterial growth?

Which non-enzymatic protein contributes to the regulation of the complement system and phagocytosis?

Which protein contributes to the process of opsonization and phagocytosis and also has antimicrobial properties?

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