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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
- An extra chromosome 18
- An extra chromosome X
- An extra chromosome 21 (correct)
- An extra chromosome 13
Which condition is characterized by an IQ of less than 70?
Which condition is characterized by an IQ of less than 70?
- Cerebral palsy
- Fragile X syndrome
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Mental retardation (correct)
What is cerebral palsy?
What is cerebral palsy?
- A non-progressive brain mal-development that affects motor control (correct)
- A mental disorder with physical symptoms
- A progressive brain mal-development that affects motor control
- A genetic disorder that affects cognitive, physical, and sensory development
Which disorder is characterized by social problems, difficulty communicating, and repetitive behavior?
Which disorder is characterized by social problems, difficulty communicating, and repetitive behavior?
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What is malingering?
What is malingering?
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Which condition can cause blindness, reduced acuity, visual field defects, accommodative spasm, paralysis, and color vision anomalies?
Which condition can cause blindness, reduced acuity, visual field defects, accommodative spasm, paralysis, and color vision anomalies?
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What is the recommended age to start vision assessment?
What is the recommended age to start vision assessment?
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Study Notes
- Mental retardation is characterized by an IQ of less than 70.
- Down syndrome is the most common autosomal chromosome abnormality and is due to an extra chromosome 21.
- Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive brain mal-development that affects motor control.
- Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social problems, difficulty communicating, and repetitive behavior.
- Fragile X syndrome is an X-inherited genetic disorder that affects cognitive, physical, and sensory development.
- Malingering is feigning illness for personal gain.
- Conversion disorder is a mental disorder with physical symptoms.
- Visual conversion reaction can cause blindness, reduced acuity, visual field defects, accommodative spasm, paralysis, and color vision anomalies.
- Child abuse is commonly associated with intra-ocular hemorrhage and physical abuse such as battered baby syndrome.
- Vision assessment should start from 3 years old and includes an ocular history, external inspection of eyes and lids, pupil examination, and red flex examination.
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