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Questions and Answers
What does the TMJ connect?
Mandible to the skull
Which of the following movements can the mandible perform?
What is the primary function of the articular disc in the TMJ?
Provides cushioning between the condyle and fossa
The TMJ is fixed and does not allow for movement.
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List two common problems associated with the TMJ.
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The articular capsule is a ______ membrane that surrounds the joint.
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What role do ligaments play in the TMJ?
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What is trismus?
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The TMJ allows for speech and ______.
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Match the following TMJ disorders to their descriptions:
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What is the role of the articular eminence in the temporomandibular joint?
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Which of the following describes a key feature of the temporomandibular joint?
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What specific movement is primarily facilitated by the TMJ?
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Which structure supports the smooth movement of the mandible within the TMJ?
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How do the right and left sides of the TMJ function in relation to each other?
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What is the shape of the articular disc in the TMJ?
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Which component provides passive stability to the TMJ?
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What tissue lines the inside of the joint capsule in the TMJ?
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What primarily facilitates smooth motion within the TMJ?
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The temporomandibular ligament has which two portions?
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What is the effect of accessory ligaments on the movements of the mandible?
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Which movement involves the mandible moving sideways?
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During the initial opening of the mandible, what occurs at the condyle?
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What type of movement is performed by the mandible during depression?
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Which one of the following is NOT a category of temporomandibular disorders?
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What movement corresponds to the retrusion of the mandible?
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All of the following are axes of rotation for the mandible except:
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Which of the following conditions may be present simultaneously in a person with TMD?
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What is the primary role of the fibrous capsule in the TMJ?
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What movement is characterized by the mandible moving both forwards and backwards?
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Study Notes
Temporo-mandibular Joint (TMJ) Overview
- Connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull, located in front of the ears on both sides of the head.
- Enables essential functions such as speech and mastication.
- Only free-moving articulation in the head; other joints are sutured and fixed.
Components of the TMJ
- Mandibular (glenoid) fossa: Depression in the temporal bone where the mandible sits, lined with cartilage for smooth movement.
- Articular eminence: Front slope of the fossa, covered with cartilage, facilitating forward condyle movement during jaw movements.
- Mandibular condyle: Covered in dense fibrous connective tissue with irregular cartilage, allowing smooth motion within the joint.
- Articular capsule: Fibrous membrane surrounding the joint, attaching to the articular eminence and mandibular condyle.
- Synovial tissue: Connective tissue lining inside the joint capsule.
- Articular disc: Biconcave disc sitting between the articular surfaces, cushioning and stabilizing the joint.
- Ligaments: Provide passive stability; temporomandibular ligament consists of outer oblique and inner horizontal portions.
Mandibular Movements
- Depression and elevation: Jaw opening and closing.
- Lateral deviation: Side-to-side movement.
- Protrusion and retrusion: Forward and backward movements.
- Initially, condyle rotates within the glenoid fossa during opening, involving multiple axes of rotation.
Disorders of the TMJ
- Myofascial pain: Pain in muscles controlling jaw function, neck, and shoulder.
- Internal derangement: Includes dislocated jaw or displaced disc.
- Degenerative joint disease: Conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affecting the TMJ.
Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
- Headaches, earaches, and pressure behind the eyes.
- Clicking or popping sounds in the jaw.
- Pain during yawning or wide mouth opening.
- Limited jaw opening (trismus) and jaw tenderness.
Treatment Options for TMJ Disorders
- Exercises: For strengthening and flexibility.
- Soft diet: To reduce strain on jaw muscles.
- Heat therapy: To alleviate pain and stiffness.
- Medications: Pain relief, muscle relaxants, and Botox.
- Surgical options: Includes arthroscopy, arthrocentesis, and joint surgery as needed.
Trismus
- Condition where mouth opening is limited to less than 35 mm, may arise from jaw trauma or oral surgery.
- Treatment includes stretching exercises, soft diet, and time for recovery.
Dislocation of the Jaw
- Symptoms include facial pain, misaligned bite, difficulty talking, and inability to close the mouth.
- Diagnosis may involve visual examination and X-rays.
- Jaw relocation can be performed by professionals using specific techniques to reposition the jaw correctly.
Temporo-mandibular Joint (TMJ) Overview
- Connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull, located in front of the ears on both sides of the head.
- Enables essential functions such as speech and mastication.
- Only free-moving articulation in the head; other joints are sutured and fixed.
Components of the TMJ
- Mandibular (glenoid) fossa: Depression in the temporal bone where the mandible sits, lined with cartilage for smooth movement.
- Articular eminence: Front slope of the fossa, covered with cartilage, facilitating forward condyle movement during jaw movements.
- Mandibular condyle: Covered in dense fibrous connective tissue with irregular cartilage, allowing smooth motion within the joint.
- Articular capsule: Fibrous membrane surrounding the joint, attaching to the articular eminence and mandibular condyle.
- Synovial tissue: Connective tissue lining inside the joint capsule.
- Articular disc: Biconcave disc sitting between the articular surfaces, cushioning and stabilizing the joint.
- Ligaments: Provide passive stability; temporomandibular ligament consists of outer oblique and inner horizontal portions.
Mandibular Movements
- Depression and elevation: Jaw opening and closing.
- Lateral deviation: Side-to-side movement.
- Protrusion and retrusion: Forward and backward movements.
- Initially, condyle rotates within the glenoid fossa during opening, involving multiple axes of rotation.
Disorders of the TMJ
- Myofascial pain: Pain in muscles controlling jaw function, neck, and shoulder.
- Internal derangement: Includes dislocated jaw or displaced disc.
- Degenerative joint disease: Conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affecting the TMJ.
Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
- Headaches, earaches, and pressure behind the eyes.
- Clicking or popping sounds in the jaw.
- Pain during yawning or wide mouth opening.
- Limited jaw opening (trismus) and jaw tenderness.
Treatment Options for TMJ Disorders
- Exercises: For strengthening and flexibility.
- Soft diet: To reduce strain on jaw muscles.
- Heat therapy: To alleviate pain and stiffness.
- Medications: Pain relief, muscle relaxants, and Botox.
- Surgical options: Includes arthroscopy, arthrocentesis, and joint surgery as needed.
Trismus
- Condition where mouth opening is limited to less than 35 mm, may arise from jaw trauma or oral surgery.
- Treatment includes stretching exercises, soft diet, and time for recovery.
Dislocation of the Jaw
- Symptoms include facial pain, misaligned bite, difficulty talking, and inability to close the mouth.
- Diagnosis may involve visual examination and X-rays.
- Jaw relocation can be performed by professionals using specific techniques to reposition the jaw correctly.
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Description
Explore the structure and function of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the lower jaw to the skull. Learn about its essential components, such as the mandibular fossa, articular eminence, and synovial tissue, and understand the role they play in jaw movements.
