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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cartilage covering the mandibular condyle?
What is the primary function of the cartilage covering the mandibular condyle?
Which component runs between the two articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint?
Which component runs between the two articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint?
What type of tissue lines the inside of the joint capsule in the TMJ?
What type of tissue lines the inside of the joint capsule in the TMJ?
Which ligament runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible?
Which ligament runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible?
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What is the shape of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
What is the shape of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
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What is the primary function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
What is the primary function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
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Which bones make up the articular components of the TMJ?
Which bones make up the articular components of the TMJ?
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How does the articular eminence of the temporal bone assist in TMJ function?
How does the articular eminence of the temporal bone assist in TMJ function?
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Which of the following is NOT a common problem associated with the TMJ?
Which of the following is NOT a common problem associated with the TMJ?
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What ensures the smooth movement of the mandibular fossa in the TMJ?
What ensures the smooth movement of the mandibular fossa in the TMJ?
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What type of movements does the TMJ allow due to its anatomical structure?
What type of movements does the TMJ allow due to its anatomical structure?
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Which aspect describes the bony landmark of the TMJ that is located posterior to the articular eminence?
Which aspect describes the bony landmark of the TMJ that is located posterior to the articular eminence?
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The TMJ functions as a bilateral articulation. This means that:
The TMJ functions as a bilateral articulation. This means that:
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Which movement involves the mandible moving up and down?
Which movement involves the mandible moving up and down?
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What is the most common form of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)?
What is the most common form of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)?
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Which type of axis allows for the rotational movement of the mandible during opening?
Which type of axis allows for the rotational movement of the mandible during opening?
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What category does degenerative joint disease of the TMJ fall under?
What category does degenerative joint disease of the TMJ fall under?
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During the initial phase of opening the mandible, which part of the jaw moves within the glenoid fossa?
During the initial phase of opening the mandible, which part of the jaw moves within the glenoid fossa?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with TMJ disorders?
Which symptom is NOT associated with TMJ disorders?
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What kind of treatment is commonly recommended for TMJ disorders?
What kind of treatment is commonly recommended for TMJ disorders?
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What does a clicking or popping sound indicate in the context of TMJ disorders?
What does a clicking or popping sound indicate in the context of TMJ disorders?
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Which of the following is a potential cause of 'trismus' associated with TMJ?
Which of the following is a potential cause of 'trismus' associated with TMJ?
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Which type of medication is NOT typically used to treat TMJ disorders?
Which type of medication is NOT typically used to treat TMJ disorders?
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In the context of a dislocated jaw, which symptom is least likely to occur?
In the context of a dislocated jaw, which symptom is least likely to occur?
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Which of the following treatment options for TMJ disorders involves physical manipulation?
Which of the following treatment options for TMJ disorders involves physical manipulation?
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What is a common dietary recommendation for individuals experiencing TMJ disorders?
What is a common dietary recommendation for individuals experiencing TMJ disorders?
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What is trismus defined as?
What is trismus defined as?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of trismus?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of trismus?
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What is one of the first steps in jaw relocation for a dislocated jaw?
What is one of the first steps in jaw relocation for a dislocated jaw?
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Which treatment option is commonly recommended for managing trismus?
Which treatment option is commonly recommended for managing trismus?
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What happens to the jaw during bilateral dislocation?
What happens to the jaw during bilateral dislocation?
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Study Notes
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
- The TMJ is a bilateral joint connecting the mandible (lower jaw) to the skull.
- Located on both sides of the head, in front of the ears.
- Enables jaw opening and closing for speaking and eating.
Components of the TMJ
- Consists of the mandibular condyle and the inferior surface of the temporal bone.
- The mandibular condyle and the temporal bone are covered with cartilage for smooth movement.
- The articular disc is a fibrous extension of the capsule between the two articulating surfaces.
- The articular capsule is a fibrous membrane surrounding the joint, attaching to the articular eminence, articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.
- Synovial tissue lines the inside of the joint capsule.
- Ligaments provide passive stability to the TMJ.
- The temporomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament, and sphenomandibular ligament are key ligaments.
Movements of the Mandible
- The mandible moves in various ways: depression and elevation, lateral deviation, protrusion and retrusion.
- During opening, the condyle rotates within the glenoid fossa.
- Rotational movement occurs along the horizontal, frontal, and sagittal axes of rotation.
TMJ Disorders
- Myofascial pain (most common) is pain in muscles controlling jaw function, neck and shoulder muscles.
- Internal derangement is a dislocated jaw, displaced disc or condyle injury.
- Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis) can affect the jaw joint.
Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
- Headaches, earaches, pain and pressure behind the eyes.
- Clicking or popping sound when opening or closing the mouth.
- Tenderness of jaw muscles.
- Jaw getting stuck, locking, or going out.
- A sudden change in how upper and lower teeth fit together.
- Limited opening of the mouth (trismus).
- Pain triggered by yawning, wide mouth opening or chewing.
Treatment for TMJ Disorders
- Exercises.
- Heat therapy.
- Soft diet.
- Medication (pain relief and muscle relaxants).
- Botox injections.
- Biteguard/splint - provided by a dentist or oral surgeon.
- Surgical intervention (arthroscopy, arthrocentesis or joint surgery).
Dislocated Jaw
- Characterized by pain in the face or jaw, bite feeling off or crooked, difficulty talking, inability to close the mouth, drooling, and locked or forward-protruding jaw.
Trismus
- Occurs when someone cannot open their mouth more than 35 mm.
- Caused by trauma, oral surgery, infection, cancer or radiation therapy.
- Often experienced following dental appointments or local anesthesia.
Trismus Treatment
- Stretching exercises.
- Soft diet.
- Time (especially if temporary).
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