Team of Rivals Flashcards

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What did Mary Lincoln bring to hospitals to help prevent scurvy?

Baskets of fruit, food, and fresh flowers.

What source did Chase rely on to gain support against Lincoln in 1864?

Unsupporting among the growing circle of radical Republicans.

How did Seward advise Lincoln regarding the timing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

To wait until there was a military victory.

What was the general reaction of Black leaders to Lincoln's colonization proposal?

Widespread antipathy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was Mary Lincoln known for during her hospital visits?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How did the supporters of Lincoln describe his personality/demeanor?

Melancholy, his winning manner, his good humor, and his unaffected kindness and gentleness, intelligent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the common goal of the Republican Party at its founding?

Preventing the spread of slavery to the territories. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln's CV compare with those of William Henry Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Edward Bates?

Seward, Chase, and Bates were household names, highly educated, and came from wealthy backgrounds, while Lincoln was a self-taught lawyer from a poor family. Signup and view all the answers

What were the marked similarities shared by Lincoln and his three rivals for the Republican nomination for president?

All were lawyers, scholars, and opposed to the extension of slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What crucial role did books play in the education and maturation of Lincoln?

Books became his academy and allowed him to develop ambitions beyond his surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln's lifelong dream according to his own words?

The desire to prove himself worthy, to be held in great regard, to win the veneration and respect of his fellow citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What tragedy befell Mary and Abraham Lincoln on 1 February, 1850, and what were its subsequent effects on Mary?

The loss of their second son, Eddie, which deepened Mary's mood swings and fears. Signup and view all the answers

In the 1850s, why did a rift develop between Chase and Seward?

Chase was overshadowed by Seward's influential speech, causing tension between them. Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'Compromise of 1850'?

The compromise amended the Fugitive Slave Act and abolished the slave trade in Washington, D.C. Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of Lincoln's first encounter with Edwin Stanton?

Lincoln was initially unimpressive to Stanton's associate but continued to work on a case despite being sidelined. Signup and view all the answers

How did Frederick Douglass assess Lincoln's character?

Douglass saw Lincoln as a great man who did not remind him of racial differences. Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the 'costly errors' made by Bates in the final stretch of the race for the Republican Nomination?

Bates never left his home state, and he struggled to appeal to a broader base beyond nativists. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did Lincoln steadily gain political ground in 1859-1860?

Lincoln built his reputation during his Senate campaign and positioned himself as a viable second choice. Signup and view all the answers

How did both the North and the South underestimate each other?

Both sides felt a strong sense of enthusiasm and patriotism, which led them to misjudge the other's strength and determination. Signup and view all the answers

What were the final four states that seceded from the Union?

Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Signup and view all the answers

Which slave-holding border states did not secede?

Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benjamin Helm and what momentous decision did he have to make?

Benjamin Helm was Lincoln's brother-in-law who declined a position in the Union Army and joined the Confederate Army instead. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the first casualties of the war on 19 April 1861?

Four soldiers and nine civilians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first instance of wartime censorship by the Union?

The censorship involved restricting communications and military movements during the unrest in Baltimore. Signup and view all the answers

What controversial decision did Lincoln make in response to pro-Confederate activities in Maryland?

Lincoln authorized the suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpus for public safety. Signup and view all the answers

To Lincoln's mind, what larger purpose did the battle to save the Union contain?

Proving that popular government is not an absurdity. Signup and view all the answers

What pressures did Mary Lincoln face soon after moving into the White House?

Mary struggled with family loyalties, as several relatives were in the Confederate Army, and she faced societal distrust. Signup and view all the answers

What crucial foreign policy success did Lincoln achieve in the early months of the war?

Lincoln managed to prevent England from recognizing the Southern Confederacy. Signup and view all the answers

Who became Lincoln's most faithful ally in the cabinet?

Seward. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Lincoln formulate a coherent military policy from the painful lessons of the Union defeat at Bull Run?

He called for troops to be trained and disciplined continuously and revised strategies based on previous errors. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln protect the prerogatives of the presidency regarding the actions of General John C. Fremont?

Lincoln wrote to Fremont expressing concerns and insisted that proclamations regarding slavery must come from the president. Signup and view all the answers

What impressions have you formed about the character of General George B. McClellan?

McClellan appeared inadequate and selfish, especially regarding responsibility for mistakes. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Lincoln conclude he had made a mistake in appointing Simon Cameron as Secretary of War?

Cameron lacked the organizational skills needed for such a crucial role during wartime. Signup and view all the answers

What were Lincoln's reasons for selecting Edwin Stanton to replace Cameron?

Stanton was chosen for his work ethic, reasoning, and the energy necessary to lead the war department. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln win Cameron's undying gratitude and lasting friendship?

Lincoln allowed Cameron to take responsibility for his resignation and publicly defended his actions. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the death of Willie Lincoln affect each parent differently?

Mary was inconsolable, while Lincoln grieved privately but cherished his son's memory. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of moving the telegraph office from McClellan's headquarters to the War Department?

This transfer enhanced control over military communications and reduced McClellan's influence. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the 'Committee on the Conduct of the War' formed?

The committee was formed in opposition to General McClellan and aimed to push for his resignation. Signup and view all the answers

Lincoln and Seward were engaged in the same task of finding a middle position between what two extremes?

The radical Republicans and the conservative Democrats. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Lincoln revoke General David Hunter's proclamation in spring 1862?

Hunter acted without White House approval, and Lincoln believed such proclamations should come from him. Signup and view all the answers

What were the purposes of Lincoln's visits to the troops in their encampments and at the battlefront?

Lincoln aimed to lift morale and respond to frustrations with McClellan's command. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did Seward devise to recruit more troops and not embarrass the president at the same time?

Seward suggested that governors ask Lincoln to call for additional troops, framing it as a patriotic appeal. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Lincoln's visits have on the troops?

The troops loved Lincoln and appreciated his genuine care for them. Signup and view all the answers

With many in Congress demanding the dismissal of Secretary Stanton, what did Lincoln do?

Lincoln staunchly supported Stanton, defending his actions and leadership in crisis. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mary Lincoln aid the war effort?

Mary Lincoln worked and raised funds for the Union soldiers, despite facing personal challenges. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mathew Brady and Lincoln meet?

Lincoln met Mathew Brady, who was a photographer when Lincoln was in Brooklyn to speak at a number of lectures. Signup and view all the answers

What became an iconic 'fruit' of the meeting between Brady and Lincoln?

A photograph of Lincoln. Signup and view all the answers

On 27 February 1860, why was Lincoln's speech at Cooper Union considered so important?

The Cooper Union speech was Lincoln's ticket to winning the nomination. Signup and view all the answers

What was the meaning of Lincoln's 'snake' metaphor?

The snake metaphor acknowledged the constitutional protection of slavery while safeguarding the future from its expansion. Signup and view all the answers

By 1860, why had the Republican Party become the dominant force in Northern politics?

Its growth and momentum absorbed the Whigs and Know-Nothings, breaking apart the Democratic Party. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states were considered battleground states?

New Jersey Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Ohio delegation fail to unite behind Chase's quest for the nomination?

The Ohio delegation failed to nominate Chase due to divisions among those still supporting other delegates. Signup and view all the answers

What 'dirty trick' did Lincoln's allies play at the convention?

Lincoln's allies persuaded delegates to support his ticket instead of other rivals after realizing Seward would likely not win. Signup and view all the answers

How did the second round of balloting reveal a crucial shift in Lincoln's favor?

Lincoln gained 17 more votes and Delaware switched its 6 votes to him. Signup and view all the answers

Some commentators hold that the outcome of the convention was more about the defeat of Seward than the victory of Lincoln. Why does Kearns contend that this tells only part of the story?

Kearns suggests Lincoln's success also resulted from a skilled political team and effective strategies. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln advocate for Chicago as the venue for the Republican national convention?

He recognized that securing Chicago would be pivotal because it was in a battleground state. Signup and view all the answers

What did the fact that many political writers got Lincoln's last name incorrect indicate about political reality?

It indicated that people were unaware of him, leading to perceptions that he won by chance. Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln's first task after winning the nomination?

His first task was to secure his hold on the Republican Party by enlisting help from rivals. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the image and message of the 'log cabin' important in Lincoln's campaign?

The 'Log Cabin' image made Lincoln appear as a man of the people and represented his humble origins. Signup and view all the answers

What other issues, in addition to slavery, were at the forefront of the campaign in 1860?

Desires for a protective tariff and homestead legislation for new immigrants. Signup and view all the answers

What does Lincoln's political attention to states where his campaign struggled tell us?

It indicates he was not arrogant and actively sought to address weaknesses. Signup and view all the answers

What might Lincoln's proclamation on election night tell us?

It reflects that his victory was not solely his accomplishment, but also of the American people. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln go about forming his cabinet?

He assembled a cabinet to share burdens and drew in rivals for unity. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the phrase 'Intensified Crossword Puzzle' in the chapter title?

'Party loyalty and service, personal fitness, geographical location and a dozen other factors have to be taken into account.' Signup and view all the answers

Why did Lincoln want Edward Bates as attorney general?

Lincoln thought it was a position that Bates was highly qualified for. Signup and view all the answers

How does Lincoln's handling of the situation regarding Simon Cameron reveal his political shrewdness?

He recognized the need to balance political pressures while maintaining his vision for the cabinet. Signup and view all the answers

What were the grievances of Southern states that seceded from the Union?

Attempts to exclude slaveholders from new territories and failure to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act. Signup and view all the answers

Which were the first seven states to secede?

South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas. Signup and view all the answers

How did the president-elect take leave of Springfield?

Lincoln was grave and reflective, saddened by leaving his home of 30 years. Signup and view all the answers

What were the security fears on the day the Electoral College met?

There were concerns that secessionists would attempt to siege the capital. Signup and view all the answers

What were the circumstances under which Lincoln left Philadelphia for Washington DC?

Lincoln learned of a plot to assassinate him and decided to leave Philadelphia at the last minute. Signup and view all the answers

How did Lincoln impress the Southern delegates to the 'Peace Convention'?

They were impressed by his ability to think independently and engage in clear judgement. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lincoln's chosen cabinet of rivals reveal about his character?

It showed his confidence in uniting the party and his willingness to embrace former rivals. Signup and view all the answers

What were the four documents Lincoln consulted in writing his inaugural address?

Constitution, Andrew Jackson's nullification proclamation, Daniel Webster's speech, Clay's address to the Senate. Signup and view all the answers

What dual challenge did Lincoln face when composing his inaugural address?

He needed to defend the Union while mitigating anxieties of the Southern states. Signup and view all the answers

How did Frederick Douglass react to Lincoln's inaugural address?

Douglass was disheartened by what he viewed as an appeasing tone towards the South. Signup and view all the answers

William Seward's greatest contribution to the tone and substance of the inaugural address is found in which section?

He helped soften the tone and made it more conciliatory toward the South. Signup and view all the answers

What was Lincoln's view on whether Fort Sumter should surrender?

Lincoln believed Fort Sumter should be resupplied and reinforced. Signup and view all the answers

For weeks, in the early days of the administration, Seward acted under what 'two supreme illusions'?

That he was in charge and that Southerners would be appeased by abandoning Fort Sumter. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lincoln's acceptance of the blame for the defeat at Fort Sumter reveal about his character?

It showed his willingness to take responsibility for failures and learn from mistakes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lincoln's Personality and Background

Described as melancholy, but characterized by winning manners, good humor, kindness, and intelligence.
Born to a poor farmer, largely self-educated, and served four terms in the Illinois State legislature.
Siblings faced tragic deaths; mother passed away when he was nine, influencing his melancholic temperament.

Republican Party Foundations and Key Figures

Initially aimed to prevent the expansion of slavery into new territories.
Key rivals included William Henry Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Edward Bates, all prominent in Republican circles.
Seward was a celebrated senator; Chase was instrumental in founding the Republican Party; Bates was a respected statesman and former congressman.

Political Obstacles and Education

Lincoln's education was driven by reading—books were his academy, shaping his ambitions beyond his rural surroundings.
The political landscape emphasized self-governance and engagement, prompting many ambitious individuals to pursue politics.

Lincoln's Aspirations and Personal Life

Lifelong aspiration to gain respect and veneration from peers.
The pivotal year 1837 marked his emergence in Springfield, gaining influential friends who aided his political ascent.
Formulated practical political strategies, learning the importance of party organization and voter mobilization.

Key Political Ideas and Lincoln's Temperament

Advocated for a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.
Embraced a melancholic temperament characterized by empathy, able to transition from sadness using humor.
Mary Lincoln shared his appreciation for intellect and literature, yet was deeply affected by personal tragedy.

Political Alignments and Views on Slavery

Lincoln, Seward, and Chase opposed the Mexican-American War but favored banning slavery in newly acquired territories.
The "Missouri Compromise" of 1820 regulated slavery's geographic spread; however, dissent continued with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates and Differences in Ideology

Seven debates with Douglas highlighted differences: Lincoln opposed slavery's expansion, citing constitutional principles, while Douglas championed states' rights.
Lincoln's views were rooted in the Declaration's ideals, whereas Douglas prioritized self-governance over individual rights.

Political Strategies Leading to Success

Lincoln's political rise marked by humility and magnanimity; evolved from a second-choice candidate to a leading contender by 1860.
The Cooper Union speech solidified his reputation in the Northeast, emphasizing moral integrity and national unity.

The Republican Party's Ascendancy

By 1860, the Republican Party emerged as the dominant political force in the North, unifying discontented factions of previous parties.
Capitalized on sectional tensions and gained strategic support, priming for future political successes.

Lincoln's Legacy and Symbolism

Met Mathew Brady, who helped craft Lincoln's iconic image through photography.
The 'snake' metaphor represented the dangers of slavery's expansion, invoking protective instincts for future generations.
Frederick Douglass praised Lincoln's character, noting his unprejudiced approach in conversations.

Larger Historical Context

The political environment of the 1850s was charged with tensions over slavery, leading to pivotal legislative compromises and public debates.
Lincoln's rise, marked by the interplay of personal ambition, political acumen, and prevailing social issues, foreshadowed future conflicts leading to the Civil War.### Battleground States
Key states included Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, all bordering southern slave states, complicating support for anti-slavery initiatives.

Ohio Delegation's Division on Chase

Internal conflicts among Ohio delegates, with some supporting Ben Wade and Jude McLean, hindered unified support for Chase's nomination.
Chase's history of creating enemies and lack of effective campaign management weakened his candidacy.

Opposition to Seward's Candidacy

Despite Seward’s respected skills and credentials, concerns arose that his nomination could jeopardize Republican prospects in local elections.

Lincoln's Convention Strategy

Lincoln's supporters orchestrated a 'dirty trick' by manipulating delegate support to switch allegiances away from Seward.
Coordinated efforts successfully added critical votes from Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, favoring Lincoln’s nomination.

Shift in Balloting Dynamics

Lincoln gained 17 additional votes during the second round of balloting; Delaware switched its votes from Chase to Lincoln, and he garnered a significant 44 votes from Pennsylvania.
This round reduced Chase and Bates's standing, leaving only Seward and Lincoln as main candidates.

Perspectives on Convention Outcome

Observers debated whether Lincoln’s victory stemmed from Seward’s defeat rather than Lincoln’s success.
Kearns argued that Lincoln's political team, led by David Davis, was instrumental in executing strategic promises that leveraged political support.

Lincoln's Venue Choice

Lincoln’s advocacy for Chicago as the Republican convention site sharpened his visibility while allowing him to maintain relative anonymity.
Living in a battleground state boosted his candidacy due to local support, unlike Seward, who faced numerous adversaries.

Lincoln’s Political Unfamiliarity

After the convention, widespread confusion regarding Lincoln's identity indicated his limited national exposure and experience, leading to skepticism about his capabilities.

Securing Republican Party Support

Post-nomination, Lincoln prioritized unifying the Republican Party by engaging rivals Chase, Seward, and Bates for their backing, understanding Seward’s importance.

'Log Cabin' Image in Campaign

The 'Log Cabin' symbolized Lincoln’s humble beginnings and hard work, cultivating an image as a relatable figure embodying the common man.

Broader Political Landscape in 1860

Alongside slavery, key issues included tariffs in Pennsylvania and New Jersey and support for homestead legislation among immigrant groups in the West.

Lincoln’s Adaptable Campaign Strategy

Demonstrated self-awareness by addressing campaign shortcomings in states like Maine and Rhode Island, aiming to retain critical seats.

Election Night Victory Announcement

Lincoln's joyful exclamation to his wife illustrated his view of the election as a collective effort, reflecting the support of the American public.

Cabinet Formation Goals

Lincoln sought to gather a supportive team by including political rivals in his cabinet, fostering unity and leveraging their strengths for governance.

"Intensified Crossword Puzzle" Concept

The title reflects the complex dynamics of assembling a diverse cabinet, requiring consideration of various political factors and relationships.

Bates as Attorney General

Lincoln believed Edward Bates was the ideal candidate for attorney general due to his qualifications fitting the role well.

Lincoln's Response to Cameron's Nomination Controversy

Demonstrated political deftness through careful maneuvering regarding Simon Cameron's potential cabinet position, ultimately choosing to prioritize trusted individuals like Chase.

Southern States' Justifications for Secession

Key grievances included perceived threats to slavery rights, ineffective enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, and general societal disdain towards the South.
First seven states to secede: South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Texas.

Lincoln’s Departure from Springfield

Reflecting on personal history, Lincoln expressed deep emotional ties to Springfield, showcasing a grave demeanor while leaving for Washington.

Security Fears During Electoral College Meeting

Seward and Stanton were apprehensive about potential disruption by secessionists during the formal certification of election results.

Lincoln's Departure Circumstances

After uncovering an assassination plot, Lincoln altered his travel plans, highlighting the political tension and threats to his safety during the transition.

Impressions at the Peace Convention

Southern delegates were taken aback by Lincoln's independent thinking and strong judgment, reevaluating their initial perceptions of his character.

Cabinet of Rivals' Symbolism

Lincoln's choice to surround himself with former rivals reinforced the idea of unity and strength in leadership, mitigating factional risks.

Inaugural Address Influences

Lincoln consulted key historical documents while addressing the challenge of balancing Union defense with Southern anxiety mitigation.

Frederick Douglass’s Reaction to the Inaugural Address

Douglass expressed disappointment over Lincoln's conciliatory stance on slavery, contrasting initial hopes for progressive change under a Republican presidency.

Seward's Contribution to the Inaugural Address

Seward’s revisions to the address softened its tone, promoting a more conciliatory message to the South.

Lincoln's Fort Sumter Decision

Advocated for the reinforcement of Fort Sumter, signifying a commitment to maintaining Union presence despite differing cabinet opinions.

Seward's Misconceptions

Seward operated under the illusion of being the de facto leader, misjudging Southern sentiments regarding troop presence and Union loyalty.

Lincoln’s Accountability for Fort Sumter

Accepted full responsibility for miscommunication surrounding Fort Sumter's reinforcements, showcasing integrity and leadership by acknowledging shortcomings.

Mutual Underestimation of North and South

Both regions misjudged each other's resolve, leading to misconceptions about military enthusiasm and commitment to the conflict, highlighted by the enthusiastic Northern response to Lincoln's call for troops.

Final States to Secede and Border States' Loyalty

Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee were the last to secede.
Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky, despite being slave-holding, opted to remain loyal to the Union.

Benjamin Helm's Dilemma

Lincoln offered Helm, his brother-in-law, a Union commission, challenging his Southern loyalty; Helm ultimately chose to join the Confederate Army.

First Casualties of the War

On April 19, 1861, four soldiers and nine civilians died during violent confrontations as the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment passed through Baltimore.

Lincoln's Response to Maryland Unrest

To preserve Maryland in the Union, Lincoln diverted troop movements around Baltimore despite local resistance, emphasizing the necessity of military presence.### Secessionist Actions and Lincoln's Response
Secessionists severed telegraph wires and destroyed railroad bridges in Baltimore, isolating Washington, D.C.
The citizens of Washington experienced a week of fear due to disrupted communication and ongoing violence from secessionist mobs.
With threats to railroad tracks between Annapolis and Philadelphia, Lincoln authorized General Scott to suspend Habeas Corpus for public safety.

Lincoln's Larger Purpose in the War

Lincoln believed the battle for the Union was crucial for proving the viability of popular government.
He emphasized the necessity of demonstrating that a minority cannot disrupt a government at will, essential for self-governance.

Mary Lincoln's Challenges

Mary Lincoln faced scrutiny due to family ties to the Confederate Army, causing mistrust in the North.
She focused on reshaping her public image and renovating the White House to prove her loyalty.

Foreign Policy Success

Lincoln successfully altered a potential British resolution to recognize the Southern Confederacy, avoiding diplomatic disaster.
Altered communications with British officials prevented immediate recognition of the Confederacy, maintaining Northern morale and undermining Southern legitimacy.

Lincoln and Seward's Relationship

Seward emerged as Lincoln's most loyal cabinet member, showing personal attachment and commitment.

Military Policy After Bull Run

Lincoln recognized the need for disciplined military training and called for the preparation of troops for longer service.
He devised a strategic military approach involving multiple offensives while addressing European perceptions of the Union's defeat.

Lincoln and General Frémont

Frémont's unilateral declaration of martial law and emancipation of slaves caused concern for Lincoln regarding Southern Union support.
Lincoln instructed Frémont to modify his proclamation to align with Congressional authority.

General George B. McClellan's Leadership

McClellan's leadership style showed a lack of accountability for military failures, leading to negative impressions.

Lincoln's Appointment Decisions

Lincoln realized Simon Cameron lacked the organizational skills necessary for Secretary of War and opted for Edwin Stanton due to his vigor and capacity for leadership.

Support for Secretary Stanton

Lincoln consistently defended Stanton against public criticism, asserting the secretary's actions were in line with presidential authorization.

Mary Lincoln's Charitable Work

Mary Lincoln actively supported war efforts by visiting hospitals, providing food and comfort to soldiers, but received little public recognition for her contributions.

Political Maneuvering in 1864

Chase sought support from radical Republicans who were dissatisfied with Lincoln's pace on slavery issues to challenge for the 1864 nomination.

Emancipation Proclamation Timing

Seward advised Lincoln to wait for military victory before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation to avoid appearing desperate.
Lincoln acknowledged the importance of timing and adjusted his approach based on Seward's insights.

Black Leaders' Reaction to Colonization Ideas

Black leaders opposed Lincoln's colonization proposals, asserting their rightful place in America as native citizens entitled to live and die on their homeland.
The sentiment expressed by the Liberator highlighted the incongruity of exiling the African American population from a country known as a refuge for the oppressed.

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Test your knowledge on the key concepts and personalities from Doris Kearns Goodwin's 'Team of Rivals'. This flashcard quiz covers Lincoln's character, the goals of the Republican Party, and more historical insights. Ideal for students of American history and politics.