Questions and Answers
What are the objectives of early disease detection?
What are examples of secondary prevention?
Pap smears, STD prevention programs, cholesterol screenings
What does tertiary prevention focus on?
Minimize long-term consequences of disease
What are some challenges of primary prevention?
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What are examples of tertiary prevention?
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What is the socio-ecological framework?
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What does the spectrum of prevention focuse on at the individual level?
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How can organizations influence public health?
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What is meant by influencing policy and legislation?
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What constitutes primary prevention?
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Why was the Affordable Care Act (ACA) passed?
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What are the three main goals of the ACA?
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What is the difference between compliance and non-compliance?
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What reflects the medical perspective of treatment?
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What best describes the public health perspective?
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What is the significant amount of money spent on team-based healthcare aimed to improve?
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What percentage of uninsured individuals was reported in the context of community health centers?
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What is the background of Patient Centered Primary Care Home?
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What are the four principles that help the patient in a health home?
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What is meant by 'enhanced access' in PCPCH?
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What does care coordination involve?
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What is scrubbing in healthcare?
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What does huddling refer to in patient care?
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What is a common risk assessment in organized evidence-based care?
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What is meant by Patient Assistance Programs?
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What is the eligibility criteria for Patient Assistance Programs (PAP)?
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HRSA stands for _____
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What is the cost associated with prescription drug abuse in 2007?
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What are the three levels of prevention?
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What is primary prevention focused on?
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What are examples of primary prevention?
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Study Notes
Patient Centered Primary Care Home (PCPCH)
- Focus on team-based healthcare, enhancing access and quality while reducing costs.
- Patients have consistent care from the same team, fostering relationships and communication.
Community Health Centers
- Specialized team members lead to a significant decrease in uninsured rates (now only 20%).
- Four access points available for patients to receive care.
PCPCH Background
- Integrates team-based care approaches from Indian Health Service (IHS) and Veterans Affairs (VA).
- Accredited by Oregon's Primary Care Association in 2012 for Patient Centered Health Homes.
Core Principles of Health Home
- Emphasizes patient needs over provider convenience; focuses on relationship-building with continuity of care.
- Aims for improved health outcomes through coordinated care and engaged patient participation.
Patient-Centered Approach
- Offers flexible hours and on-demand scheduling including same-day appointments.
- Communication tailored to patient comprehension levels for better self-management and outreach.
Enpanelment
- Adaptable based on patient condition severity; can involve either individual providers or larger care teams.
- Standardized care and reminder systems help in better patient management.
Team-Based Approach in PCPCH
- Teams generally consist of physicians, mid-level providers, behaviorists, care coordinators, pharmacists, and schedulers.
- Continuity in care is encouraged by keeping patients with the same team for various needs.
Team Members in PCPCH
- Essential roles include registered nurses, medical assistants, navigators, and pharmacists active in patient care.
Enhanced Access in PCPCH
- Weekend and morning hours available to reduce barriers to care.
- Focus on same-day appointments and straightforward scheduling to improve patient experience.
Care Coordination
- Ensures patients utilize all necessary services within and outside the healthcare organization.
- Involves pre-visit planning (Scrubbing) and daily needs anticipation (Huddling).
Organized Evidence-Based Care
- Prevention focus includes health maintenance, risk assessment, and immunizations.
- Chronic disease management involves goal-setting, monitoring outcomes, and adherence to care plans.
Engaged Leadership
- Leadership actively participates in reshaping organizational practices, resources, and approaches to quality improvements.
OHA Certification
- Certification recognizes comprehensive, accountable, and person-centered care, ensuring continuity and coordination.
Quadruple Aim
- Focuses on improving quality, access, cost effectiveness, and equity within healthcare delivery.
Patient Assistance Programs (PAP)
- Programs help provide medications to low-income patients without insurance, including eligibility criteria and processes.
Drug Coupons and Discount Cards
- Offer limited-time discounts on brand medications; generic options are available through various programs.
Safety Net Prescription Drugs (340B Program)
- Provides low-cost medications for uninsured or underinsured patients through specific health systems and rigorous eligibility criteria.
Clinician Recruiting Strategies
- Competitive hiring incentives include salary, benefits, and relocation support to attract healthcare professionals.
Medication Errors
- Identify and acknowledge common medication errors in hospitals, with substantial costs associated with preventable mistakes.
Tiers of Prevention
- Designed to approach health concerns at different levels: primary (before disease), secondary (during disease onset), and tertiary (after disease diagnosis) to minimize long-term impacts.
Preventive Strategies
- Effective public health initiatives focus on education, policy changes, and community programs to preempt health issues.
The Impact of Prescription Drug Overdose
- High prevalence highlighted by statistics indicating significant ER visits and fatalities, stressing the need for prevention and education efforts in the community.### Primary Prevention Challenges
- Effective public health strategies should address challenges at the policy level rather than solely focusing on individual behavior.
Tertiary Prevention Examples
- Diabetes Self-Management Programs, Rehabilitation programs, Substance abuse treatment, Stroke recovery initiatives, and Injury management illustrate tertiary prevention methods.
Socio-Ecological Framework
- The framework operates on five levels: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy to understand health outcomes in context.
Spectrum of Prevention - Individual Level
- Strengthening individual knowledge and skills is essential for enhancing capabilities in injury and illness prevention among individuals, like OSU students.
Socio-Ecological Framework - Interpersonal Level
- Promoting family education increases knowledge and support, effectively enhancing health and safety via relationships with friends, family, and peers.
Socio-Ecological Framework - Organizational Level
- Changing organizational practices and educating providers encourages the adoption of new regulations and norms, impacting safety and health across various entities like student health services or local businesses.
Socio-Ecological Framework - Community Level
- Fostering coalitions and networks promotes broader community education and influences community norms, benefiting entities like the OSU student body and the Corvallis community.
Policy Level in Health Interventions
- Influencing policy and legislation involves strategies aimed at changing laws and policies to improve health outcomes, such as smoking bans and education policies.
Example of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
- Primary prevention includes weight reduction and smoking prevention, secondary prevention involves cessation support and health monitoring, while tertiary prevention includes medication counseling and chronic disease education.
Example of Cancer Prevention
- Primary prevention tactics encompass sunscreen use and HPV vaccination, secondary strategies include smoking cessation counseling and cancer screening promotion, with tertiary actions focused on medication counseling and prosthetic services.
Role of Pharmacists in Prevention
- Pharmacists can determine the appropriate level of prevention, addressing individual knowledge, educating providers, and identifying prevention levels (primary, secondary, tertiary).
Medical Perspective of Treatment
- A medical perspective is individual-based, disease-focused, and cure-oriented, focusing on treatments for conditions like lung cancer.
Public Health Perspective of Prevention
- A population-based, health-focused approach prioritizes prevention over treatment, encompassing policies on tobacco, cigarette taxes, and public health education initiatives.
Health-System Pharmacists' Role
- Health-system pharmacists significantly contribute to public health by providing population-based care, developing preventive programs, delivering health education, and advocating for supportive legislation.
Social Determinants of Health
- Factors influencing health include poverty, social class, living environment, gender, race, ethnicity, and job type.
Compliance in Health Care
- Compliance indicates a patient's adherence to prescribed treatment regimens, while 'non-compliance' describes those who do not follow these instructions.
Non-Compliance Issues
- The term non-compliance carries negative connotations and reflects a lack of understanding of social determinants affecting health outcomes.
Adherence Concept
- Adherence represents a shift from a passive patient role to a partnership in self-management, enhancing acceptance of treatment regimens.
ACA Influence Factors - Cost
- By 2010, healthcare spending rose to nearly 20% of GDP, significantly surpassing other developed nations. Challenges included rising insurance premiums, 46 million uninsured individuals, and over $400 billion in unnecessary costs due to preventive failures.
ACA Influence Factors - Quality
- The U.S. faced a shorter life expectancy and higher rates of infant mortality, obesity, and ischemic heart disease compared to peer countries, necessitating healthcare reforms.
ACA Influence Factors - Access
- The ACA was motivated by access issues, with 48 million uninsured and rural communities suffering from inadequate healthcare representation.
ACA Main Goals
- The ACA aimed for consumer protection, improved quality of care at lower costs, and increased access to affordable healthcare services.
Consumer Protection Provisions in ACA
- The ACA implemented protections against denial of coverage due to pre-existing conditions, limited coverage rescissions, premium rebates, and ensured access to essential health benefits without annual limits.
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Test your knowledge on team-based healthcare concepts with these flashcards. Learn about patient-centered care, community health centers, and the benefits of a collaborative approach to healthcare delivery in Oregon. Perfect for students and professionals looking to improve their understanding of this important topic.
