Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of 3D bioprinting?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of 3D bioprinting?
3D bioprinting eliminates the need for ethical considerations in medical treatments.
3D bioprinting eliminates the need for ethical considerations in medical treatments.
False
What is one significant disadvantage of 3D bioprinting?
What is one significant disadvantage of 3D bioprinting?
High pricing or complexity.
3D bioprinting can help to address the ___________ crisis by creating organs.
3D bioprinting can help to address the ___________ crisis by creating organs.
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Match the following aspects of 3D bioprinting with their respective classifications:
Match the following aspects of 3D bioprinting with their respective classifications:
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What is a key advantage of RNA vaccines compared to conventional vaccines?
What is a key advantage of RNA vaccines compared to conventional vaccines?
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RNA vaccines are only effective against COVID-19.
RNA vaccines are only effective against COVID-19.
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Name one bacterium that mRNA vaccines are being developed against.
Name one bacterium that mRNA vaccines are being developed against.
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MRNA vaccines can potentially be used in _____ therapy.
MRNA vaccines can potentially be used in _____ therapy.
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Match the following RNA vaccine applications with their potential targets:
Match the following RNA vaccine applications with their potential targets:
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What factor causes difficulties in using mRNA vaccines for bacterial diseases?
What factor causes difficulties in using mRNA vaccines for bacterial diseases?
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The production of mRNA vaccines involves complex cellular processes.
The production of mRNA vaccines involves complex cellular processes.
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What was the time frame for the development and authorization of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna's mRNA vaccines?
What was the time frame for the development and authorization of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna's mRNA vaccines?
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What is a major benefit of synthetic biology in crop domestication and breeding?
What is a major benefit of synthetic biology in crop domestication and breeding?
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The enzyme RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) is primarily responsible for the absorption of nitrogen in plants.
The enzyme RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) is primarily responsible for the absorption of nitrogen in plants.
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What method has been used successfully in Arabidopsis thaliana to improve crop domestication?
What method has been used successfully in Arabidopsis thaliana to improve crop domestication?
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The synthesis of a new carbon fixation pathway has been demonstrated by creating a synthetic _____ in vitro.
The synthesis of a new carbon fixation pathway has been demonstrated by creating a synthetic _____ in vitro.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions.
Match the following terms with their descriptions.
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What percentage of the world's land surface is currently degraded?
What percentage of the world's land surface is currently degraded?
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Synthetic biology techniques are expected to have a positive impact on the environment while increasing crop yield.
Synthetic biology techniques are expected to have a positive impact on the environment while increasing crop yield.
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What is one application of synthetic biology in improving nitrogen utilization in crops?
What is one application of synthetic biology in improving nitrogen utilization in crops?
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Which actuator modes are commonly used in extrusion-based bioprinting?
Which actuator modes are commonly used in extrusion-based bioprinting?
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All applications of bioprinting focus solely on regenerative medicine.
All applications of bioprinting focus solely on regenerative medicine.
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Name one application of bioprinting that involves drug research.
Name one application of bioprinting that involves drug research.
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Bioprinting can be used to fabricate _______ tissue and organ.
Bioprinting can be used to fabricate _______ tissue and organ.
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What specific cell types were printed in the skin tissue example?
What specific cell types were printed in the skin tissue example?
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The dermis is the top layer of skin printed in bioprinting applications.
The dermis is the top layer of skin printed in bioprinting applications.
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Match the applications of bioprinting with their respective categories.
Match the applications of bioprinting with their respective categories.
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What technology is integrated to scan a wound for bioprinting skin cells?
What technology is integrated to scan a wound for bioprinting skin cells?
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What materials were co-printed for the muscle and tendon development in the integrated MTU construct?
What materials were co-printed for the muscle and tendon development in the integrated MTU construct?
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Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) matrix does not support tissue infiltration after implantation.
Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) matrix does not support tissue infiltration after implantation.
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What is the purpose of incorporating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) into the bio-ink containing myoblast cells?
What is the purpose of incorporating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) into the bio-ink containing myoblast cells?
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Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) are used to build __________ vascular grafts.
Human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMCs) are used to build __________ vascular grafts.
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Match the following components involved in bioprinting with their functions:
Match the following components involved in bioprinting with their functions:
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Which type of cells were used in the scaffold-free vascular grafts?
Which type of cells were used in the scaffold-free vascular grafts?
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The use of the decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) matrix resulted in chronic inflammation post-implantation.
The use of the decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) matrix resulted in chronic inflammation post-implantation.
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What is the purpose of bio-inks in 3D bioprinting?
What is the purpose of bio-inks in 3D bioprinting?
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The bioprinted muscle can start contracting after __________ days of growth.
The bioprinted muscle can start contracting after __________ days of growth.
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Public acceptance of 3D bioprinting applications is universally high.
Public acceptance of 3D bioprinting applications is universally high.
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Name one application of 3D bioprinting in the medical field.
Name one application of 3D bioprinting in the medical field.
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3D bioprinting is classified into four main steps, including data acquisition, ________, printing, and post-processing.
3D bioprinting is classified into four main steps, including data acquisition, ________, printing, and post-processing.
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What is one disadvantage of certain medical applications of 3D bioprinting?
What is one disadvantage of certain medical applications of 3D bioprinting?
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The bioprinted structures are more biologically relevant compared to __________ studies performed in 2D.
The bioprinted structures are more biologically relevant compared to __________ studies performed in 2D.
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Match the following terms related to 3D bioprinting with their definitions:
Match the following terms related to 3D bioprinting with their definitions:
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What are two common techniques used for data acquisition in 3D bioprinting?
What are two common techniques used for data acquisition in 3D bioprinting?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Human needs change, so bioprocessing enables adaptation.
- Synthetic biology and bioprinting diversify bioprocessing development.
- This involves sectors like biopharmaceuticals, bioremediation, and food/beverage industry.
Synthetic Biology
- Design and construction of novel biological parts/devices/systems/machines/organisms.
- Application for useful purposes.
- Different from genetic engineering:
- Genetic engineering manipulates DNA for a desired phenotype.
- Synthetic biology applies engineering principles to create entire synthetic DNA molecules or organism parts.
- Traditional genetic engineering makes small alterations.
- Synthetic biology completely overhauls or creates new bioproducts.
Applications in Biopharmaceuticals/Medicine
- Diagnostic tools for early disease detection.
- Early detection increases patient survival.
- Conventional methods are slow and costly.
- RNA molecule design to detect pathogenic sequences.
- Generates detectable signals (e.g., fluorescence, color change).
- Example: Toehold switches.
- Bind to target sequences.
- Trigger downstream reporter gene activation.
- Used in diagnostics for various viral pathogens (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, West Nile, Zika, Ebola).
- Living therapeutics (cell therapies):
- Respond to environmental factors.
- Include circulating cells, implantable cells, and tissue resident cells.
- Improved T-cell therapies (e.g., CAR-T cells)
- RNA vaccines for pathogen-specific antigen introduction.
- Trigger immune responses against pathogens.
- Have advantages over other methods (e.g., speed of development, scalability, safety).
- Not limited to COVID-19.
Applications in Agriculture
- Important for food security in a crisis.
- Synthetic biology offers new opportunities.
- Crop domestication and breeding:
- Traditional methods are slow and lengthy.
- Synthetic biology helps create novel plant genomes.
- Example: CRISPR-Cas9 for altering genomes in Arabidopsis.
Applications in Manufacturing
- Silk production:
- Spider silks have extraordinary mechanical properties.
- Synthetic biology can enable similar production in silkworms.
- Products include bulletproof vests, ropes, nets, seatbelts, parachutes, and bandages.
Applications in Conservation
- Coral reefs are at risk due to climate crisis.
- Synthetic biology can help re-design the DNA of coral for resilience to temperature increase.
- Heat shock genes are a promising solution.
Advantages of Using Synthetic Biology
- Widely adaptable.
- Holds potential to diagnose/treat diseases and improve industrial processes.
- More equitable access to biotechnology (low-cost, widely available tools).
- Could support endangered species conservation.
Limitations of Synthetic Biology
- Safety and security concerns (potential for misuse).
- Environmental effects (unintended consequences on ecosystems).
- Public acceptance and access (concerns about interfering with nature and unintended effects of using synthetic organisms).
3D Bioprinting
- Additive manufacturing process using bio-inks to print living cells.
- Mimics tissue and organ structures.
- Uses bio-inks made of natural or synthetic materials.
- Can be combined with living cells.
- Applications:
- Cytobiology
- Drug research
- Tumor models
- Regenerative medicine (e.g., skin, bone, cartilage).
Process of 3D Bioprinting
- Data acquisition (e.g., X-ray, CT, MRI scans to create 3D models).
- Material selection (materials and cells vary based on the structure to be built).
- Bioprinting (actual 3D printing process).
- Functionalization (making connections and generating functions).
Advantages of 3D Bioprinting
- Mimicking real tissue/organ structures.
- Personalized treatments.
- Improved drug testing and development (fewer animal models).
- Automating complex processes and reducing errors.
Disadvantages of 3D Bioprinting
- High cost and complexity.
- Maintaining cell environments.
- Ethical concerns.
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Description
Test your knowledge on synthetic biology and its applications in bioprocessing. This quiz will cover topics related to biopharmaceuticals, bioremediation, and the innovations brought by synthetic biology in creating novel organisms and devices. Understand the differences between synthetic biology and traditional genetic engineering.
