Sustainable Development and Resource Management

Sustainable Development

• Definition: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Characteristics:
  • Inter-generational equity
  • Intra-generational equity
  • Environmental sustainability
• Importance: Ensuring a balance between economic, social, and environmental development.

Resource and Development

• Resources: Anything that has utility and helps to satisfy human needs.
• Classification of Resources:
  • Natural Resources (e.g., water, land, forests)
  • Human-made Resources (e.g., factories, machines)
• Development: The process of improving the quality of life of people through the use of resources.
• Factors affecting Resource Development:
  • Technology
  • Institutional factors (e.g., government policies)
  • International cooperation

Human Development

• Definition: The process of enlarging people's choices and improving their well-being.
• Components:
  • Income
  • Education
  • Health
• Human Development Index (HDI):
  • A composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and income.
  • Ranges from 0 (low human development) to 1 (high human development)

Economic Development

• Definition: The process of improving the economic well-being of people through the optimal use of resources.
• Indicators of Economic Development:
  • Gross National Product (GNP)
  • Per Capita Income
  • Poverty rate
  • Unemployment rate
• Factors affecting Economic Development:
  • Investment in human capital
  • Institutional factors (e.g., government policies)
  • International trade

Per Capita Income

• Definition: The average income of a person in a country or region.
• Calculation: Total National Income ÷ Total Population
• Importance: An indicator of a country's economic well-being and standard of living.

Human Development Report (HDR)

• Published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• Provides data and analysis on human development worldwide
• Ranks countries based on their HDI

Average Income

• Definition: The total income of a group or population divided by the number of individuals.
• Importance: An indicator of the standard of living of a population.

Mass

• In the context of development, refers to the majority of people in a population or economy.
• Importance: Understanding the needs and aspirations of the masses is crucial for sustainable development.

Sustainable Development

• Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Characteristics: inter-generational equity, intra-generational equity, environmental sustainability
• Importance: balance between economic, social, and environmental development

Resources and Development

• Resources: anything that has utility and helps to satisfy human needs
• Classification of Resources: natural resources (e.g., water, land, forests), human-made resources (e.g., factories, machines)
• Development: process of improving the quality of life of people through the use of resources
• Factors affecting Resource Development: technology, institutional factors (e.g., government policies), international cooperation

Human Development

• Process of enlarging people's choices and improving their well-being
• Components: income, education, health
• Human Development Index (HDI): measures life expectancy, education, and income, ranges from 0 (low human development) to 1 (high human development)

Economic Development

• Process of improving the economic well-being of people through the optimal use of resources
• Indicators of Economic Development: Gross National Product (GNP), per capita income, poverty rate, unemployment rate
• Factors affecting Economic Development: investment in human capital, institutional factors (e.g., government policies), international trade

Per Capita Income

• Average income of a person in a country or region
• Calculation: total national income ÷ total population
• Importance: indicator of a country's economic well-being and standard of living

Human Development Report (HDR)

• Published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• Provides data and analysis on human development worldwide
• Ranks countries based on their HDI

Average Income and Mass

• Average income: total income of a group or population ÷ number of individuals
• Importance: indicator of the standard of living of a population
• Mass: refers to the majority of people in a population or economy
• Importance: understanding the needs and aspirations of the masses is crucial for sustainable development