18 Questions
What is a crucial factor in the success of the pan-ladling method in sugar coating?
The skill of the coating operator
What is the benefit of using atomizing systems in sugar coating?
Faster and more even distribution of the coating solution
In perforated pan systems, how is the coating solution applied to the tablets?
Through spraying nozzles positioned inside the drum
What is the primary difference between pressure atomization and air-spray atomization?
The speed of the fluid emerging from the nozzle
Which type of atomization is commonly used with aqueous coating systems?
Air-spray atomization
What is the advantage of spraying in sugar coating, compared to other methods?
Significantly reduced drying time between solution applications
What is the primary purpose of the drying process in sugar coating?
To solidify the film quickly
What is the function of the fan-assisted extract in a traditional sugar coating pan?
To remove dust and moisture-laden air
What is the main advantage of the immersion-sword system over the standard coating pan?
More efficient drying environment
What is the primary function of the motor in a traditional sugar coating pan?
To rotate the pan on its horizontal axis
What is the term for the process of coating tablets with a sugar coating?
Panning
What is the purpose of continuous mixing of the tablet load during sugar coating?
To achieve an evenly coated product
What is the primary purpose of the perforated pan systems in the sugar coating process?
To improve drying efficiency and uniform coating
Which of the following perforated pan systems has a fully-perforated pan design?
Accela-Cota
What is the purpose of the baffles in the Accela-Cota system?
To mix the tablets during the coating process
How is the coating syrup typically applied in the sugar coating process?
Manually using a ladle and automatic control
What is the advantage of using perforated pan coaters in the sugar coating process?
They provide a high coating capacity and can be completely automated
Which of the following is NOT a type of perforated pan system mentioned in the text?
Press Coater
Study Notes
Sugar Coating Process
- The process requires distribution of the liquid coating formulation over the entire tablet surface, continuous mixing, continuous drying, and removal of solvent vapor.
- Tablets are typically sugar coated using a panning (pan coating) technique.
Pan Coating
- A traditional sugar coating pan consists of a circular metal pan mounted angularly on a stand, rotated on its horizontal axis by a motor.
- The pan is 8 to 60 inches (20 – 150 cm) in diameter.
- The process requires a supply of drying air (preferably variable temperature and thermostatically controlled) and a fan-assisted extract to remove dust and moisture-laden air.
Immersion Tube System
- The immersion-sword system significantly improves drying efficiency by introducing drying air through a perforated metal sword device that is immersed in the tablet bed.
- The drying air flows upward from the sword through the tablet bed, providing a more efficient drying environment.
Spraying (Atomizing Systems)
- Spraying the liquid coating material onto the tablets produces a faster, more even distribution of solution or suspension.
- Spraying can significantly reduce drying time between solution applications in sugar coating.
Atomization Process
- There are two main types of spray atomization process: pressure (airless) atomization and air-spray atomization.
- Pressure atomization forces fluid through a small nozzle, producing a solid stream or sheet that breaks into droplets due to friction with the air.
- Air-spray atomization is commonly used with aqueous coating systems, where fluid emerging from a nozzle at low speed is surrounded by a high-speed stream of air.
Perforated Pan Systems
- Perforated pan systems, such as the Driacoater, Accela-Cota, and Hi-Coater, are designed to further improve drying efficiency.
- These systems consist of a perforated or partially perforated drum rotated on its horizontal axis in an enclosed housing.
- Drying air is introduced through perforations in the drum, passed through the tablet bed, and exhausted through perforations in the drum.
Additional Features
- Baffles may be used to improve mixing efficiency of tablets during coating, ensuring uniform coating.
- Perforated pan coaters are efficient drying systems with high coating capacity and can be completely automated for both sugar coating and film coating processes.
Learn about the sugar coating process in pharmaceutical tablets, including the equipment and steps involved in achieving an evenly coated product. Understand the importance of distribution, mixing, drying, and removal of solvent vapor in the process.
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