Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Equipment
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a binder or adhesive in tablet manufacturing?

To form granules

Which substances can be used as flow activators or antifrictional agents in tablet manufacturing?

  • Water
  • Magnesium stearate (correct)
  • Sorbitol
  • Sodium CMC

    • ______ facilitates rupture of the tablet by swelling of the disintegrant particles during sorption of water.

    Swelling

    Why is lactose not usually preferred by manufacturers?

    <p>It is not suitable for patients with lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a disintegrant in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To facilitate rupture of the tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disintegrant is added to the dry granules before compression?

    <p>Extragranular Disintegrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an intragranular disintegrant?

    <p>Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dehydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of starch in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>As an inert substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of tablet compression machines based on?

    <p>Machine type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) commonly known as?

    <p>Baking Soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of punches in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To compress the granulation within the dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the tablet?

    <p>It causes effervescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tablet compression machines?

    <p>To compress the ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cam tracks in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To guide the movement of the punches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the granulation feeding device?

    <p>To force granules into the die cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of compression in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>Formation of tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the swelling of the disintegrant particles during sorption of water?

    <p>Tablet fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tablet is designed to release the active ingredient immediately after ingestion?

    <p>Immediate-Release tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a granulating agent in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To act as a binder or adhesive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates transport of liquids into the pores of the tablet?

    <p>Wicking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tablet is designed to release the active ingredient in a controlled manner over a prolonged period?

    <p>Coated tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the binder in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To facilitate the formation of granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dies in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To define the size and shape of the tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of compaction in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To create a solid dosage form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a hopper in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To hold and feed granulation to be compressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Sorbitol, Glucose, and Sucrose not suitable for patients with diabetes?

    <p>They can cause an increase in blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ensuring that excipients are inert in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To prevent degradation of the medicinal substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using chelating agents in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To prevent incompatibility with calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tablets are prepared by molding?

    <p>Soft tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using U Dextrose, and Mannitol in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>To prepare chewable tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the machines used to compact the powder mixture in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>Presses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Risperidone in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>An active pharmaceutical ingredient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances can be used as a binder or adhesive in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>Sucrose Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a tablet weight monitoring device in the manufacturing process?

    <p>To monitor the force at each compression station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a less essential component in tablet manufacturing?

    <p>Colorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a tablet deduster in the manufacturing process?

    <p>To remove excess powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following machines is capable of exerting great pressure in compacting the powdered or granulated material?

    <p>Fette Machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chilling the compression components in the manufacturing process?

    <p>To allow the compression of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the swelling of the disintegrant particles during sorption of water?

    <p>Rupture of the tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Excipients

    • Lactose, Spray Dried Lactose, Starch, Dextrose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Glucose, Sucrose, Avicel, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dehydrate, Calcium Carbonate, and Cellulose are examples of excipients used in tablet manufacturing.

    Disintegrants

    • Disintegrants are mixed with other ingredients prior to granulation and are incorporated within the granules.
    • Examples of disintegrants include Intragranular Disintegrant and Extragranular Disintegrant.

    Tablet Compression Machines

    Components

    • Hopper: holds and feeds granulation to be compressed.
    • Dies: define the size and shape of the tablet.
    • Punches: compress the granulation within the dies.
    • Cam Tracks: guide the movement of the punches.

    Auxiliary Equipment

    • Granulation Feeding Device: regulates the flow of granulation into the compression machine.
    • Tablet Weight Monitoring Devices: monitor the force at each compression station.
    • Tablet Deduster: removes excess powder from the tablets.
    • Fette Machine: chills the compression components to allow the powder to be compressed.

    Granulating Agent (Binder or Adhesive)

    • Examples: Water, Alcohol, Starch Paste, Acacia Mucilage, Gelatin Solution, Tragacanth Mucilage, Sucrose Solution, Methylcellulose Solution, Sodium CMC Solution, PVP Solution, and Sorbitol.
    • Facilitates water uptake and facilitates rupture of the tablet.

    Colorant

    • Examples: FD&C & D&C dyes, Lakes (dyes that have been absorbed on a hydrous oxide and employed as dry powders for coloring).
    • Used for disguising off-color drugs, product identification, and production of a more elegant product.

    Tablet Press Classifications

    Single Press

    • Also known as Eccentric Press.
    • Output: 200 tablets per minute.
    • Suitable for small batches of tablets during research and development.

    Manufacturing Pharmacy

    • Examples of excipients: Lactose, Spray Dried Lactose, Starch, Dextrose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Glucose, Sucrose, Avicel, and Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dehydrate, Calcium Carbonate, Cellulose
    • Lactose is not indicated for patients with lactose intolerance, but still can be used in the formulation
    • Starch is inert and usually used by manufacturers
    • Dextrose and Mannitol are intended to be used in chewable tablets
    • Sorbitol, Glucose, and Sucrose are not indicated for patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

    Tablets

    • Solid dosage forms prepared by compression (hard tablets) or molding (soft tablets)
    • Contain medicinal substances (API) with/without suitable excipients and/or other pharmaceutical adjuncts
    • Types of tablets: Compressed, Molded, Hypodermic, Dispensing, Coated, Immediate-Release, Chewable, Buccal, Sublingual, Vaginal, Extended-Release (ER)

    Equipment

    • Tablet Compression Machines: because tablets are made by "compression", the stamping machines are called presses
    • Auxiliary Equipment:
      • Hopper: for holding and feeding granulation to be compressed
      • Dies: define the size and shape of the tablet
      • Punches: for compressing granulation within the dies
      • Cam Tracks: for guiding the movement of the punches
      • Wicking: for forces granules into die cavity
      • Granulation Feeding Device
      • Tablet Weight Monitoring Devices: monitor the force at each compression station
      • Tablet Deduster: removes excess powder
      • Fette Machine: chills the compression components to allow the tablet to be formed

    Granulating Agent

    • Also known as Binder or Adhesive
    • Mechanisms of Action (MOA):
      • Facilitate water uptake: facilitate transport of liquids into the pores of the tablet to form smaller fragments
      • Facilitate rupture of the tablet: swelling of the disintegrant particles during sorption of water
    • Examples: Water, Alcohol, Starch Paste, Acacia Mucilage, Gelatin Solution, Tragacanth Mucilage, Sucrose Solution, Methylcellulose Solution, Sodium CMC Solution, PVP Solution, Sorbitol

    Colorant

    • Less essential
    • Disguising of off-color drugs, product identification, and production of a more elegant product
    • Examples: not specified, but Acacia Mucilage is not an option due to its poor color and quality

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    Manufacturing Pharmacy M5.4 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the various aspects of manufacturing pharmacy, including examples of excipients and types of equipment used in the process.

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