Substance Use Disorders 2
40 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the current accepted view of addiction according to modern medical understanding?

  • Addiction can be entirely cured without further support.
  • Addiction is a chronic illness with potential for recurrence. (correct)
  • Addiction is primarily a moral failing.
  • Addiction is a choice that individuals make.

    • Which factors are identified as contributing to addiction?

  • Financial stability and availability of substances.
  • Legal consequences and societal pressure.
  • Neurobiological, psychosocial, and epigenetic factors. (correct)
  • Cultural norms and individual beliefs.

    • How has the perception of substance use changed in relation to historical views?

  • Addiction is now seen solely as a problem for law enforcement.
  • It is still primarily viewed as a moral issue.
  • It is considered a minor social issue without significant health implications.
  • The understanding has shifted to recognize addiction as a health issue. (correct)

    • What term is used to refer to derogatory language that may stigmatize individuals with substance use disorders?

    <p>Pejorative terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What broader social issue is implicated in the stigmatization of substance use disorders?

    <p>Legislation targeting communities of color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of treatment for substance use disorders has been emphasized in modern discussions?

    <p>A multidisciplinary approach to treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in language when referring to individuals with substance use disorders?

    <p>Stigmatizing and derogatory language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal when analyzing substance use disorders?

    <p>Holding individuals accountable for their addiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the classification of alcoholism by the American Medical Association (AMA) in 1956?

    <p>A disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is primarily involved during the binge/intoxication stage of addiction?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), how is addiction defined?

    <p>A chronic brain disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the withdrawal/negative affect phase, which part of the brain is primarily involved?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before the third edition of the DSM in 1980, how were substance use disorders primarily conceptualized?

    <p>As manifestations of underlying primary psychopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of activating the dopamine pathway in the basal ganglia?

    <p>Causes a strong rush of pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the classification of addiction is correct?

    <p>Addiction has been consistently defined as a disease by various medical bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the withdrawal/negative affect phase of addiction?

    <p>Withdrawal symptoms arise due to discontinuation of stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does DNMT play in DNA?

    <p>It is involved in DNA methylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance does not have specific abuse criteria in DSM-IV?

    <p>Nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DSM-5, which withdrawal condition was newly added?

    <p>Cannabis withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Greener MR and Storr SJ’s 2023 publication?

    <p>Conflicting theories on addiction aetiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included as a withdrawal condition in DSM-IV?

    <p>Cannabis disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TET stand for in the context of DNA?

    <p>Ten-eleven translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the recommended terminology regarding substance use?

    <p>To standardize language used in addiction research and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion in DSM-5 replaces the need for a dependence diagnosis for substance abuse?

    <p>One or more abuse criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a person's ability to experience pleasure when there is decreased activation in the reward systems of the basal ganglia?

    <p>It obstructs the ability to experience pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the preoccupation/anticipation stage, what brain region is primarily associated with experiencing cravings?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex (PFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitters are included in the brain’s stress systems when decreased activation occurs in the reward systems?

    <p>Norepinephrine (NE) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addiction, what does the ‘wanting’ system do independently of the ‘liking’ system?

    <p>Sensitizes even when the drug is not liked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dopamine primarily function in the context of addiction?

    <p>It predominantly influences ‘wanting’ rather than ‘liking’.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disruption occurs in the brain's regulation during cravings that can lead to risky behavior?

    <p>Dopamine and glutamate regulation disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between the ‘wanting’ and ‘liking’ systems in the brain?

    <p>They operate independently of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential consequence can result from impaired emotional control during cravings?

    <p>Engagement in risky behavior to pursue addictive actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model emphasize in understanding addiction?

    <p>The influence of multiple environmental contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with enhanced addiction susceptibility?

    <p>DNA modification changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does DNA epigenetics play in addiction according to current research?

    <p>It influences vulnerability to addiction through genetic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following psychosocial factors may affect adolescent substance use?

    <p>Peer pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely outcome of DNA epigenetic changes in the context of addiction?

    <p>Altered vulnerability to substance abuse disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered an environmental influence on youth addiction risk?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not linked to addiction susceptibility according to the reviewed psychosocial factors?

    <p>Geographical location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of youth behavior is commonly examined in relation to addiction?

    <p>Social interactions and peer relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Substance Use Disorders

    • Substance use disorders (SUDs) are recognized as primary mental health issues, though previously viewed as manifestations of psychopathology.
    • Current accepted theory recognizes addiction's neurobiological, psychosocial, and epigenetic underpinnings.
    • Current epidemiology in USA/Mexico shows a bicultural emphasis.
    • Clinical assessment of SUDs requires a physician's role.
    • Future directions in addiction treatment and research are necessary.

    Learning Objectives

    • Analyze the accepted theory of addiction.
    • Link neurobiological, psychosocial, and epigenetic factors to addiction.
    • Compare and contrast substance use epidemiology in the USA and Mexico.
    • Revise and value the physician's role in assessing substance use disorders.
    • Propose future directions for research and treatment.

    Disclaimer

    • Sensitive topics require empathy.
    • Each student should form their own opinions and views.
    • Scientific information will be cited using APA style and is available for discussion.
    • Collaboration is important in the learning process.

    Lesson Contents & Index

    • Terminology and naming issues related to substance use.
    • Overview of the "Big Bang Theory" of addiction.
    • Neurobiological, psychosocial, and epigenetic factors underlying addiction.
    • Substance use in USA/Mexico.
    • Multidisciplinary approach to substance use (physician, psychiatrist, CBT therapist, counselor).
    • Future directions in understanding and addressing addiction.

    Words Matter

    • Substance use issues should be named accurately, not misrepresented.
    • Historically, societal perceptions viewed substance use as a moral failing, particularly for minority groups.
    • Stigmatizing language and derogatory terms (e.g., "crack babies") associated with historical legislation have racist connotations.
    • Scientific evidence increasingly shows addiction is a chronic brain illness with potential for recurrence, rather than a moral failing.

    Terms to Avoid, Terms to Use, and Why

    • Avoid using outdated, stigmatizing language (e.g., "addict," "junkie").
    • Use person-first language (e.g., "person with a substance use disorder").
    • Recognize that individuals may be in recovery.
    • "Habit" is inappropriate for substance use disorders.
    • "Abuse" is stigmatizing, not an appropriate term.
    • "Substance use disorder (SUD)" is the accepted, and preferable, term.

    Historical Data

    • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) originally classified SUDs as primary mental health disorders later.
    • The American Medical Association (AMA) treated alcoholism as a medical disease in 1956, followed by the inclusion of addiction in 1987.
    • The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) categorized addiction as a chronic brain disorder.

    Historical Data - Timeline of Substance Use

    • Opium used medicinally and spiritually by Greeks
    • Cannabis used as decoration in Taiwanese pottery
    • Written references to the opium poppy found.
    • Medical marijuana usage by the Chinese Emperor
    • Babylonians established laws regarding liquor sales.
    • Use of opium spread in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa
    • Opium use was widespread during the 17th and 18th centuries.
    • Early 20th century: Heroin was legally available over-the-counter as a cough suppressant.

    Historical Data - Heroin

    • Heroin was initially sold by Bayer as a cough suppressant.

    Clinical Approach

    • DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders.
    • DSM-IV abuse criteria applied to substances except nicotine (which did not have a DSM-IV abuse criteria).
    • Three criteria for DSM-5 dependence.
    • Two or more of DSM-5 abuse criteria are required.
    • Cannabis, inhalants, and hallucinogens did not have withdrawal criteria in DSM-IV, but do in DSM-5.

    Clinical Assessment

    • UpToDate provides information on substance use disorders.

    Future Directions

    • Provide a link to a Padlet related to substance use.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Substance Use Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores substance use disorders (SUDs) as primary mental health issues and analyzes their neurobiological, psychosocial, and epigenetic factors. It also discusses the comparative epidemiology in the USA and Mexico and the physician's role in assessment. Dive into the future directions for research and treatment in the field.

    More Like This

    Understanding Substance Use Disorders
    5 questions

    Understanding Substance Use Disorders

    AwesomeGreenTourmaline avatar
    AwesomeGreenTourmaline
    Substance Use Disorders Overview
    22 questions

    Substance Use Disorders Overview

    WillingPoisson avatar
    WillingPoisson
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser