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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of a substance use disorder?
Which of the following substances is NOT typically associated with substance use disorders?
What is the term used for the body’s adaptation to a substance that leads to increased tolerance?
What best describes the withdrawal symptoms experienced when a person stops using a substance?
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Which of these factors is central to understanding addictive use disorder?
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What does intoxication refer to within the context of substance use?
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What is the significance of comorbidity in relation to substance use disorders?
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Which screening tool is specifically designed to identify alcohol use disorders?
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What is the primary focus of the Transtheoretical stages of change theory in relation to alcoholism?
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Which medication can cause serious nausea and vomiting if used to treat alcohol dependence?
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What is the first stage of the Transtheoretical stages of change theory?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the TACE screening tool?
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What is a common consequence of opioid overdose?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for psychiatric comorbidity?
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What substance is most widely used as a psychoactive drug?
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How is the severity of Alcohol Use Disorder classified?
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What is a common treatment for opioid withdrawal?
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Which of the following describes binge drinking?
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What is a potential treatment for cocaine withdrawal?
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What is the definition of alcohol intoxication in most states?
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Hallucinogens primarily cause disturbances in which area?
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What condition is characterized by significant impairment in life roles due to cravings?
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Study Notes
Substance Use Disorders
- A pathological use of a substance leading to a disorder of use.
- When substance use becomes problematic, symptoms fall into four groups: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and physical effects (intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal).
Substances That Lead to Use Disorder
- Tobacco
- Cannabis
- Alcohol/Caffeine
- Hallucinogens
- Inhalants
- Opioids
- Sedative-Hypnotics
- Stimulants
- Gambling, Shopping, Sex
Concepts Central to Addictive Use Disorder
- Addiction: A chronic medical condition
- Intoxication: Using a substance to excess while in the process of using
- Tolerance: Needing a higher dose to achieve the initial effects
- Withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance
Comorbidity
- Psychiatric comorbidity: Any combination of two or more substance use disorders and mental disorders.
Risk Factors
- Genetic
- Environmental
- Neurobiological
Clinical Picture
Caffeine
- Most widely used psychoactive substance in the world.
- Can result in intoxication, overdose, and withdrawal.
Cannabis (Marijuana)
- Third most commonly used psychoactive drug in the United States after alcohol and illicit drugs.
Hallucinogens
- Causes a profound disturbance in reality.
Inhalants
- Solvents for glues, adhesives, fuels, propellants, thinners.
Opioid Use Disorder
- Heroin and prescription drugs.
- Opioid intoxication: craving in larger amounts, larger period of use, significant impairment in life roles.
- Opioid overdose: death usually due to respiratory arrest.
- Treatment for overdose: Promote breathing with naloxone.
- Opioid withdrawal: Methadone, clonidine, buprenorphine, lofexidine. Gradual reduction to prevent seizures.
Stimulant Use Disorder
- Amphetamine-type, cocaine.
- Withdrawal treatment: Groups, individual therapy. Possible diazepam for agitation.
- 1 to 2 weeks of cocaine withdrawal requires no inpatient detoxification.
- Depression treatment once withdrawal is complete: Bupropion.
Alcohol Use Disorder
- Sedative effects, initial euphoria.
- Severity is based on the number of DSM-5 symptoms:
- Mild: 2-3 symptoms
- Moderate: 4-5 symptoms
- Severe: 6 or more symptoms
- Types:
- Binge drinking: Too much alcohol but not frequently.
- Heavy drinking: Daily.
- Alcohol Intoxication: Legal definition in most states is a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08g/dL or higher.
- Cognitive Disturbances: Alcohol use disorder syndrome.
Screening Tools
- SBIRT: Screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment.
- AUDIT: Alcohol use disorders identification test. Used to identify alcohol abuse.
- LAGE: 4 questions to identify alcohol abuse.
- CAGE-AID: Same questions as CAGE, but also includes potential dependence.
- TACE: Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut down, Eye-opener.
Treatment Modalities
Pharmacotherapy
- Disulfiram: Serious N/V if used with alcohol.
- Naltrexone: Serious N/V if used with alcohol.
- Benzodiazepines: For anxiety.
Psychotherapy
- Motivational Interviewing
- Treatment for Alcoholism: Recovery models to prevent relapse.
- Transtheoretical Stages of Change Theory:
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Transtheoretical Stages of Change Theory:
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Description
This quiz explores the complexities of substance use disorders, focusing on the various substances involved and the central concepts related to addiction. Participants will learn about the symptoms, risk factors, and the role of comorbidity in these disorders. Gain a deeper understanding of how these factors interact and contribute to addiction.
