Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Epidemiology

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What is the most common substance used in the American population, according to the data from 2019?

Cocaine

Heroin

Cannabis

Alcohol (correct)

What is the term for a decrease in response to a drug dose that occurs with continued use?

Tolerance (correct)

Detoxification

Intoxication

Addiction

What is the first phase of treatment for drug dependence?

Detoxification (correct)

Rehabilitation

Medication

Counseling

What is the percentage of Saudis who reported using substances in 2020?

8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition characterized by an inability to consistently abstain from substances?

Addiction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of a substance-specific physiological syndrome after exposure to a substance?

Intoxication Signup and view all the answers

What is the recurring use of substances leading to significant consequences such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities?

SUD Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors that could contribute to SUDs?

Genetic, psychological, and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of extended-release injectable naltrexone (Vivitrol) in patients who have undergone opioid detoxification?

To prevent relapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of naloxone in reversing opioid overdose?

Competitive antagonist at mu opioid receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of action for naloxone in reversing opioid overdose?

90-180 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to attenuate withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, tachycardia, and hypertension in opioid withdrawal?

Clonidine Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of emergency department visits are attributed to alcohol use?

18.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of alcohol in the brain during acute intoxication?

CNS depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeframe for the development of delirium tremens (DT) in alcohol withdrawal?

Within 72 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal?

CNS depression vs. CNS stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)?

To trend the severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms and medication efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretation of a COWS score of 25-36?

Moderately severe withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapy for opioid withdrawal?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a mu-opioid receptor agonist?

Methadone Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of methadone?

5-130 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of methadone?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosing for buprenorphine induction?

Initial dose 2-4 mg and repeated as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dose-reduction phase in buprenorphine treatment?

To find the minimum dose of buprenorphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of naltrexone?

Mu-opioid receptor antagonist Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosing for naltrexone?

25 mg once daily; if no withdrawal signs occur, administer 50 mg once daily thereafter Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated mortality rate in untreated individuals with Delirium Tremens?

5-15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome that may progress from Wernicke Encephalopathy?

Korsakoff syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CAGE Questionnaire?

To detect individuals more likely to be misusing alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for the onset of Delirium Tremens in individuals undergoing alcohol withdrawal?

3-5 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the screening tool that consists of 10 questions and is used to screen for alcohol use disorder and the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption?

AUDIT Signup and view all the answers

What is the score on the CAGE Questionnaire that indicates an increased likelihood of unhealthy alcohol use?

≥2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of Wernicke Encephalopathy?

Altered mental status, oculomotor findings, and ataxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for the onset of Withdrawal Seizures in individuals undergoing alcohol withdrawal?

12-48 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with opioid intoxication but not with withdrawal?

Lethargy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is commonly associated with QTc prolongation?

Methadone Signup and view all the answers

How many overdoses were attributed to opioids as single agents in 2017?

18,897 Signup and view all the answers

Tramadol is associated with which idiosyncratic presentation?

Seizures Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common laboratory assessment for opioid intoxication?

Urine toxicology screen Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the onset, duration, and severity of opioid withdrawal?

Pharmacokinetics of the opioid, chronicity of use, and dosage Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with opioid intoxication?

Increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically seen in opioid withdrawal but not in intoxication?

Gooseflesh Signup and view all the answers