1-4.1 Anatomy

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In the anatomical position, which of the following is NOT a characteristic?

Palms facing towards the body (correct)
Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward
Arms at the sides

Which movement involves bringing the arm closer to the body's midline from a laterally extended position?

Medial Rotation
Lateral Rotation
Abduction
Adduction (correct)

What movement occurs when you rotate your forearm to turn your palm upwards?

Pronation
Extension
Supination (correct)
Flexion

If a doctor asks you to straighten your elbow, which movement are you performing?

Extension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrist movement occurs when you move your hand towards your thumb?

Radial Deviation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements decreases the angle between the palm and forearm?

Wrist Flexion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a gymnast performing a routine. Which combination of movements is she likely using when she moves her arm away from her body and rotates it so her palm faces away from her body?

Abduction and Lateral Rotation (C) Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is describing the location of a wound on a patient's back. Which directional term would be MOST appropriate to use?

Posterior (D) Signup and view all the answers

A doctor is explaining to a patient that a tumor is located toward the midline of their body. Which directional term is the doctor MOST likely using?

Medial (D) Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what is the relationship between the shoulder and the hand?

The shoulder is proximal to the hand. (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a physician makes an incision that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions, which plane is being utilized?

Coronal plane (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which plane would be used to separate the brain into superior and inferior portions?

Transverse (B) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the standard anatomical position, which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

The body is standing erect with feet together. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does understanding directional terms and body planes aid a recreation therapist in their profession?

It allows them to accurately document and communicate about a client's body and condition. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports pain in the region of the body AWAY from the midline. Which term BEST describes the location of the patient’s pain?

Lateral (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the axial skeleton?

Enabling movement of the limbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for rotation around a single axis, as seen in the movement of the radius around the ulna?

Pivot Joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ligaments in the skeletal system?

To connect bones to each other and provide stability (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most indicative of rheumatoid arthritis compared to osteoarthritis?

An autoimmune response causing inflammation in multiple joints bilaterally (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bone tissue is primarily responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Osteoclasts (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do intervertebral discs contribute to the function of the spine?

By absorbing shocks and allowing spinal flexibility. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What minerals are primarily stored in bones?

Calcium and Phosphate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spongy bone from compact bone in terms of structure and location?

Spongy bone is less organized, lightweight, and found at the ends of long bones. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribs have no attachment to the sternum?

Floating Ribs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiphyseal plate in long bones?

It allows for bone growth in length. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a muscle's origin and insertion during movement?

The insertion moves towards the origin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During an isotonic contraction, what differentiates the concentric phase from the eccentric phase?

The concentric phase involves muscle shortening, while the eccentric phase involves muscle lengthening under tension. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In an isometric contraction, what is the observable result?

The muscle tension increases, but there is no joint movement. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a person is slowly lowering a heavy box, which type of muscle contraction is primarily occurring in their biceps?

Eccentric contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements within the digestive system?

Smooth muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epimysium?

To cover the entire muscle. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If 'myo' refers to muscle, what does 'sarco' refer to?

Flesh or body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Besides movement, what is another crucial function of skeletal muscles in the human body?

Generating heat to maintain body temperature. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the organization of muscle structure from the largest to the smallest component?

Muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding anatomical position important in the study of anatomy?

It serves as a standard reference point for describing the body. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is characterized by branched cells connected by intercalated discs and involuntary control?

Cardiac muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of synergist muscles in movement?

To assist the prime mover and prevent unwanted rotations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction involves the lengthening of the muscle under tension?

Eccentric contraction (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports difficulty in flexing their elbow. Which of the following muscles is LEAST likely to be involved?

Triceps brachii (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between muscle atrophy seen in muscular dystrophy and that seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Muscular dystrophy involves gradual muscle degeneration due to genetic defects, while ALS involves motor neuron death. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for protruding and puckering the lips, such as when kissing?

Orbicularis oris (A) Signup and view all the answers

An individual is experiencing pain and limited range of motion in their shoulder, and tests reveal damage to the muscles responsible for stabilizing and moving the shoulder joint. Which group of muscles is most likely affected?

Rotator cuff muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common intrinsic cause of tendinopathy?

Corticosteroid injections (C) Signup and view all the answers

During forceful exhalation, which of the following muscles would be actively involved in depressing the rib cage?

Internal intercostals (C) Signup and view all the answers

A weightlifter is performing a bicep curl. At the beginning of the exercise, their elbow is fully extended, and they are lifting the weight up towards their shoulder. Which type of contraction is the bicep performing as they lift the weight?

Concentric (C) Signup and view all the answers

Body Planes

Divisions of the body into sections for anatomical reference.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right halves.