45 Questions
What is the function of the viral capsid?
Protect the viral nucleic acid
What does the nucleocapsid of a virus consist of?
Genome and proteins
Which term is used to refer to the basic protein building blocks of a viral coat?
Protomer
In what way do protein subunits bind to the viral nucleic acid in helical symmetry?
In a periodic way
Which property is NOT considered when discussing virus proteins?
Cellular structure
What role do structural units play in viruses?
Packaging of viral genome
What is the function of a virion in viruses?
Transferring viral nucleic acid between cells
Which component of a virus controls viral heredity and variation?
Viral core
What is the possible configuration of DNA in a virus?
Double-stranded linear or circular
How can the RNA genome of a virus be classified based on polarity?
- Sense or - Sense
Among the properties used for virus classification, what is considered as part of virion morphology?
Size and shape
What is the primary purpose of the viral genome in a virus particle?
Infecting host cells and directing their machinery
What is the function of the lipid-containing envelope in viruses?
Protecting the genetic material
Which type of genetic material is most commonly found in viruses?
Single-stranded RNA
What is the icosahedral symmetry in viruses characterized by?
Equilateral triangular faces
What is a regular icosahedron's optimal way of forming a closed shell?
From identical subunits
What are the capsomers at the apices of an icosahedron surrounded by?
Five other capsomers
How many identical subunits are there on the surface of an icosahedron?
60
What is the main reason viral shells are composed of multiples of 60 structural units?
To facilitate encapsidation of viral genomes
Which virus has a cubic head with a triangulation number of 7 and a contractile tail with helical symmetry?
T4 bacteriophage
What is a common property of naked viruses mentioned in the text?
Stable in hostile environments
Which virus is known for its brick-shaped structure with ridges on the external surface and core inside?
Poxviruses
Why do some virus particles exhibit complicated structures?
Because simple cubic or helical symmetry is not suitable
What is the role of the collar in tailed bacteriophages like T4 virus?
To attach the head to the tail
Which type of viruses have a lipid-containing membrane surrounding some viral particles?
Enveloped viruses
What is the function of viral glycoproteins attached to the envelope?
Virus attachment to target cells
Which property describes enveloped viruses as being labile?
Damaged by drying, acid, detergent, and heat
How do enveloped viruses release new virus particles?
By budding through a cellular membrane
Which virus is an example of a naked (non-enveloped) virus?
Adenovirus B19
What is the main function of the lipid-containing envelope in some viruses?
To attach the virus particle to a target cell
What is a key requirement for enveloped viruses to survive?
Staying moist
Which type of immunity is essential to control infections caused by enveloped viruses?
Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
What is a primary mode of transmission for enveloped viruses?
Blood and body fluids
Which virus requires reinfection of another host cell to sustain its replication?
Rotavirus
What is the causative agent of Saint Louis Encephalitis?
Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus
'Hepatitis Delta Virus' primarily affects which organ in the human body?
Liver
'Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus' belongs to which group of viruses?
Flavivirus
'Hantavirus' is associated with causing which disease in humans?
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Which virus is known for its association with Kaposi's sarcoma?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
What virus causes cold sores or fever blisters?
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HHV1)
Which property of enveloped viruses makes them different from naked viruses in terms of survivability?
Labile in dry environments
Which viral structure is primarily responsible for the attachment of the virus particle to a target cell?
Viral glycoproteins attached to the envelope
What is the main role of neutralizing antibodies in controlling enveloped virus infections?
Interfering with virus attachment to host cells
What distinguishes viruses with envelopes from those without envelopes in terms of environmental stability?
Enveloped viruses are resistant to drying
What is the significance of enveloped viruses picking up new cell membrane during multiplication?
Facilitates the release of new virus particles
Test your knowledge on the structure of helical viruses, including their filamentous nucleic acid-protein complexes and lipid-containing envelopes. Learn about various helical viruses like California Encephalitis Virus, Mumps Virus, and Coronavirus.
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