Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of immunity is primarily driven by B cells?
Which type of immunity is primarily driven by B cells?
What is the basis of haemagglutination tests to detect the presence of viral particles?
What is the basis of haemagglutination tests to detect the presence of viral particles?
Which type of immunity does not depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions?
Which type of immunity does not depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions?
What is the role of the haemagglutinin viral protein in haemagglutination tests?
What is the role of the haemagglutinin viral protein in haemagglutination tests?
Signup and view all the answers
What does haemagglutination refer to in the context of haemagglutination tests?
What does haemagglutination refer to in the context of haemagglutination tests?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the virus capsid protein?
What is the primary function of the virus capsid protein?
Signup and view all the answers
How is virus structure typically studied?
How is virus structure typically studied?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of virus is the capsid held together by non-covalent, reversible bonds?
In which type of virus is the capsid held together by non-covalent, reversible bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the properties of enveloped viruses?
What are the properties of enveloped viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of immunity may be sufficient to neutralize infection from naked capsid viruses?
Which type of immunity may be sufficient to neutralize infection from naked capsid viruses?
Signup and view all the answers
Cell-mediated immunity primarily depends on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions.
Cell-mediated immunity primarily depends on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions.
Signup and view all the answers
Haemagglutination test discriminates between infectious viral particles and particles that are degraded and no longer able to infect.
Haemagglutination test discriminates between infectious viral particles and particles that are degraded and no longer able to infect.
Signup and view all the answers
The haemagglutinin viral protein binding to receptors on the membrane of red blood cells results in clumping known as agglutination.
The haemagglutinin viral protein binding to receptors on the membrane of red blood cells results in clumping known as agglutination.
Signup and view all the answers
Humoral immunity is primarily driven by mature T cells, macrophages, and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen.
Humoral immunity is primarily driven by mature T cells, macrophages, and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen.
Signup and view all the answers
Viruses can carry on independent metabolism.
Viruses can carry on independent metabolism.
Signup and view all the answers
The nucleoprotein of viruses can have either helical or cubic (icosahedral) structure.
The nucleoprotein of viruses can have either helical or cubic (icosahedral) structure.
Signup and view all the answers
Capsid proteins are compactly folded proteins that vary in size, generally ranging from 50 to 350 amino acid residues.
Capsid proteins are compactly folded proteins that vary in size, generally ranging from 50 to 350 amino acid residues.
Signup and view all the answers
Enveloped viruses are resistant to drying, heat, detergents, and acids.
Enveloped viruses are resistant to drying, heat, detergents, and acids.
Signup and view all the answers
Naked capsid viruses require both a humoral and a cellular immune response to neutralize infection.
Naked capsid viruses require both a humoral and a cellular immune response to neutralize infection.
Signup and view all the answers
The capsid of icosahedral naked capsid viruses is held together by non-covalent, reversible bonds.
The capsid of icosahedral naked capsid viruses is held together by non-covalent, reversible bonds.
Signup and view all the answers
Envelope is a sensitive component of enveloped viruses, making them vulnerable to various environmental factors like heat and detergents.
Envelope is a sensitive component of enveloped viruses, making them vulnerable to various environmental factors like heat and detergents.
Signup and view all the answers
Naked capsid viruses can survive well on environmental surfaces and spread easily via fomites.
Naked capsid viruses can survive well on environmental surfaces and spread easily via fomites.
Signup and view all the answers
Helical enveloped viruses require killing of host cells for the release of mature virus particles.
Helical enveloped viruses require killing of host cells for the release of mature virus particles.
Signup and view all the answers
Transmission electron microscopy (EM) is one of the most powerful methods for studying virus structure.
Transmission electron microscopy (EM) is one of the most powerful methods for studying virus structure.
Signup and view all the answers
The capsid of a virus functions to protect the viral nucleic acid and interact specifically with the viral nucleic acid for packaging.
The capsid of a virus functions to protect the viral nucleic acid and interact specifically with the viral nucleic acid for packaging.
Signup and view all the answers
Virus structure can be studied using X-ray diffraction.
Virus structure can be studied using X-ray diffraction.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
- Viruses are the smallest infectious agents, intracellular parasites that can only reproduce in host cells and cannot carry on independent metabolism.
- Viruses are not cellular, consisting only of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that is surrounded by a protein coat, called the capsid.
- The capsid protein is the basic unit of structure, serving as protection for the viral nucleic acid, interacting specifically with the nucleic acid for packaging, and assisting in processes of viral and/or host gene regulation.
- Nucleoprotein comes in two basic structure types: helical (rod-shaped with varying widths and specific architectures, no limit to the amount of nucleic acid that can be packaged) and cubic (spherical, limited amount of nucleic acid that can be packaged due to particle size).
- Virus structure is studied using methods such as transmission electron microscopy, cryo EM, and X-ray diffraction.
- Viruses can be classified as naked capsid viruses (no lipid membrane) or enveloped viruses (surrounded by a lipid membrane and glycoproteins).
- Enveloped viruses are sensitive to drying, heat, and detergents, requiring transmission in large droplets and secretions, and cannot survive in the gastrointestinal tract. They may require both humoral and cellular immune responses.
- Naked capsid viruses are resistant to drying, heat, detergents, acids, proteases, and can survive in the gastrointestinal tract. They spread easily via fomites and must kill host cells for release of mature virus particles.
- Humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells. Cellular immunity, on the other hand, does not depend on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions and is primarily driven by mature T cells, macrophages, and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen.
- Haemagglutination is a property of some viruses, where viral particles bind to red blood cell membrane receptors, resulting in clumping. This test is used to detect the presence of viral particles but does not discriminate between infectious and degraded particles.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of viruses and their structure in Microbiology Bt Bio 311 Lecture 6 (Virology) with Dr. Sayed Abo El-Souad. Learn about the smallest infectious agents and their intracellular parasitic nature. Understand the composition of viruses and their inability to carry out independent metabolism.
