Structure & Function of Skin Year 1

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What is the primary function of the hypodermis layer?

To produce sebum and lipids

To regulate body temperature

To provide insulation and cushioning to the skin (correct)

To filter blood and lymphatic vessels

What type of muscle is responsible for stimulating 'goosebumps' on the skin?

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle (correct)

Voluntary muscle

Cardiac muscle

What is the primary difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?

Apocrine glands are found on the soles of the feet, while eccrine glands are found on the face

Apocrine glands produce oil, while eccrine glands produce water

Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles, while eccrine glands are not (correct)

Apocrine glands are active from birth, while eccrine glands are not

What is the primary source of stimulation for sebaceous gland secretions?

Androgens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the erector pili muscles in the skin?

To cause the skin to appear bumpy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the malodorous secretion of apocrine sweat glands?

The secretion comes into contact with bacteria on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of holocrine secretion in sebaceous glands?

The entire cell is released, along with its contents Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the body weight does the skin account for?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary change that occurs in apocrine gland secretions in women under the influence of the menstrual cycle hormones?

The secretions undergo cyclical changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cell type found in the epidermis?

Keratinocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a cell changes from one cell type to another?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the skin that is in contact with the basement membrane?

Basal layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate surface area of the skin in the average adult?

2 m2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the dermis?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrangement of squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis?

Stratification Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that the skin is part of?

Integumentary system Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of T-lymphocytes in the skin compared to the total blood circulation in healthy individuals?

Twice as many Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is the papillary dermis comprised of?

Loose areolar connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Merkel cells?

Sensory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of the dermis, depending on age and body location?

Approx. 1-4mm Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are predominantly found in the dermis?

Fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts in the dermis?

Synthesizing ECM and collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the basement membrane in relation to the dermis and epidermis?

Between the dermis and epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of desmosomes in Merkel cells?

They attach Merkel cells to keratinocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cutaneous receptors in response to environmental temperature?

Activation of hypothalamic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age on the dermis?

It becomes thinner and less dense Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Langerhans cells in the skin?

Immune response and antigen presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age on the distribution of subcutaneous fat?

It decreases in the face, but increases in the thighs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decrease in sweat gland activity with age?

Reduced hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age on the hypodermis?

It becomes thinner and less dense Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

Regulation of body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age on the epidermis?

It becomes thinner and more dense Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of wavelengths in nanometers for UVB radiation?

290-320 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

It penetrates deeper into the skin, affecting the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of malignancies in white populations is attributed to non-melanoma skin cancers?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition characterized by squamous cell carcinoma in situ?

Bowen's disease Signup and view all the answers

Why are the incidence rates of non-melanoma skin cancers likely under-estimated?

Due to variation in policies and practices in diagnosis and treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of skin that is primarily affected by UVB radiation?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of skin cancer that originates most frequently in sun-exposed areas of the skin?

Non-melanoma skin cancer Signup and view all the answers

Why are non-melanoma skin cancers often excluded from figures for all cancers in many publications?

Due to unreliability in estimates Signup and view all the answers