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Questions and Answers
What type of burn affects only the epidermis?
What type of burn affects only the epidermis?
Which embryonic layer gives rise to the epidermis?
Which embryonic layer gives rise to the epidermis?
What is another term commonly used to refer to skin?
What is another term commonly used to refer to skin?
Which degree of burn affects the dermis, epidermis, and damages underlying tissue?
Which degree of burn affects the dermis, epidermis, and damages underlying tissue?
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Which type of burn involves damaged nerve endings in addition to damage to the epidermis and dermis?
Which type of burn involves damaged nerve endings in addition to damage to the epidermis and dermis?
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What type of epithelium is primarily found lining the kidney tubules?
What type of epithelium is primarily found lining the kidney tubules?
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Which gland type releases its entire cell contents upon secretion?
Which gland type releases its entire cell contents upon secretion?
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What is a distinguishing feature of transitional epithelium?
What is a distinguishing feature of transitional epithelium?
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Which type of connective tissue is commonly known for its support and strength due to its strong, supportive mesh?
Which type of connective tissue is commonly known for its support and strength due to its strong, supportive mesh?
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Which gland type is responsible for secreting hormones into the bloodstream?
Which gland type is responsible for secreting hormones into the bloodstream?
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What is the primary characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?
What is the primary characteristic of skeletal muscle cells?
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What layers make up the skin?
What layers make up the skin?
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What is the main component of blood that is classified as fluid connective tissue?
What is the main component of blood that is classified as fluid connective tissue?
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Which structure is responsible for forming the protective outer layer of the body?
Which structure is responsible for forming the protective outer layer of the body?
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What major component characterizes the basic composition of connective tissue?
What major component characterizes the basic composition of connective tissue?
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Which type of muscle is exclusively under voluntary control?
Which type of muscle is exclusively under voluntary control?
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What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
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Where are the intercalated discs found?
Where are the intercalated discs found?
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What tissue primarily composes the reticular layer of the dermis?
What tissue primarily composes the reticular layer of the dermis?
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What causes the contraction of arrector pili muscles, leading to goosebumps?
What causes the contraction of arrector pili muscles, leading to goosebumps?
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Which type of muscle is involuntary and non-striated?
Which type of muscle is involuntary and non-striated?
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What distinguishes apocrine sweat glands from merocrine sweat glands?
What distinguishes apocrine sweat glands from merocrine sweat glands?
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Which of the following structures is part of a nail?
Which of the following structures is part of a nail?
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Where in the body can thick skin be primarily found?
Where in the body can thick skin be primarily found?
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Which components are primarily found in a blood smear?
Which components are primarily found in a blood smear?
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Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for pigmentation?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for pigmentation?
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What is the embryonic origin of connective tissue?
What is the embryonic origin of connective tissue?
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Which type of muscle tissue is present in the pancreas and gallbladder?
Which type of muscle tissue is present in the pancreas and gallbladder?
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Which characteristic is NOT typical of epithelial tissue?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of epithelial tissue?
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What type of muscle is represented by the Deltoid and Biceps Brachii?
What type of muscle is represented by the Deltoid and Biceps Brachii?
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Study Notes
Pigmented Skin Micrograph
- Stratum Spinosum is a layer of skin cells
- Stratum Basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis
- Keratinocytes are the most common cell in the epidermis, and contain melanin
- Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment
Embryonic Origin of Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm
Micrograph of Columnar Epithelium
- Columnar epithelial cells are taller than wide
Layers of the Dermis
- Epidermis is the outermost layer of skin
- Dermis is a layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands
- Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) is a layer of fat that sits below the dermis
- Hair follicle is a structure that encloses hair shaft
- Hair shaft is the visible part of hair
- Sweat gland secretes sweat
- Veins carry blood back to the heart
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
- Cells are packed tightly together
- Very little extracellular matrix between cells
- Each cell has an apical surface, which faces the outside world
- Basal surface is connected to the basement membrane
- Avascular, meaning does not contain blood vessels
- High regenerative capacity
Locations of Smooth Muscle
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Salivary Glands
Side of Compact Bone Tissue
- The spiral is the side of Compact Bone Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Examples
- Deltoid is a shoulder muscle
- Biceps Brachii is a muscle in the upper arm
- Triceps is a muscle in the upper arm
- Gluteus Maximus is a muscle in the buttock
- Pectoralis is a chest muscle
- External Oblique is an abdominal muscle
Composition of Sweat Gland
- Adipose tissue is a type of fat tissue found in sweat glands
Nervous Tissue Cells
- Neurons transmit signals
- Glial cells are supporting cells that assist neurons
Tissues
- Muscle and Nervous tissue have minimal extracellular matrix
- An organ is made of multiple tissue types working together
- Kidney tubule epithelium is made of simple cuboidal epithelium
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the mouth and vagina
- Ciliated columnar epithelium lines the respiratory tract
- Transitional epithelium is stretchy and contains binucleated cells, found in the uterus, bladder, and urethra
- Alveoli are lined with simple squamous epithelium, which is crucial for gas exchange
Gland Types
- Goblet cells secrete mucus and are found in simple columnar epithelium
- Holocrine glands accumulate product until cell rupture, then release entire cell contents; cells are replaced by cell division
- Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Connective Tissue (CT)
- Connective tissue types include bone, cartilage, fat, blood, lymph, adipose tissue, and dense connective tissue
- Connective tissue is made up of cells, protein fibers, and ground substance
- Connective tissue originates from the mesoderm
- Reticular fibers are strong and supportive, forming a branching network
- Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage
- Bone contains collagen, which makes bone strong and lightweight
- Plasma is the liquid component of blood
34.Dangers of Burn
- 1st degree: affects only the epidermis
- 2nd degree: affects the dermis and epidermis
- 3rd degree: affects the dermis, epidermis, damages underlying tissue and nerve endings
35.Epidermis Origin
- The epidermis develops from the ectoderm
36.Another Name for Skin
- Skin is often referred to as the cutaneous membrane
Notes on Histology
- Simple Columnar is a single layer of column-like cells
- Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue and is tall and narrow
- Subcutaneous injections are administered into fatty tissue just below the skin
- The layers of skin include the Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
- The epidermis is composed of epithelial tissue
- Fluid connective tissue includes blood and lymph
- Basic composition of connective tissue includes an extracellular matrix with a limited number of cells
- Stratified Squamous Keratinized makes up the epidermis
- The dermis consists of two layers: the reticular and papillary layers; both contain dense irregular connective tissue and areolar connective tissue
- Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated, striated, and cylindrical.
- Stratified squamous keratinized makes up the epidermis.
- Keratin is the primary protein in hair
- Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilage
Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal muscle is the only muscle under voluntary control
- Cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs
- Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and glial cells
- Metaplasia is the change of mature epithelium into a different form
Stratum Corneum Characteristics
- Outermost layer of skin
- Hydrophobic and protein-rich
- Homeostasis is maintained in a lipid-enriched matrix
- Brick and mortar form
Thick Skin Composition
- Contains the following layers: Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum
Melanocyte Distribution
- Found in the Stratum Basale, skin, hair follicles, etc.
Melanin Functions
- Melanin protects against UV light
Dermis Structures
- Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors, Meissner's corpuscles, and Pacinian corpuscles
Reticular Layer Composition
- Dense irregular connective tissue
Where are Living Cells in Hair?
- Hair bulb, which is at the base of the hair follicle.
What Causes Goosebumps?
- Contraction of arrector pili muscles. Causes include cold temperature, emotions, and sympathetic nervous system.
Apocrine Sweat Gland
- Secretes into hair follicles, located in armpits, groin, nipples, belly, ears, eyelids, and lips.
Cerumen Function
- Lubricates the ear canal and traps debris before reaching the eardrum.
Greatest Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
- UV light exposure and sunburn
29.Muscle Type Images
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
30.Apocrine vs. Merocrine Sweat Glands
- Apocrine glands are located deep in the skin and are distributed all over the body.
- Merocrine glands are located superficially to the skin and are restricted to the scalp.
31.Longitudinal Section Showing Nails
- Structures:
- Distal edge
- Lunula
- Lateral nail folds
- Cuticle
- Proximal nail fold
32.Where in the Body is Thick Skin Located?
- Palms and soles
33.Blood Smear
- Components:
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
34.Micrograph of Adipose Tissue
- Visual representation of adipose tissue.
35.Slide of Areolar Connective Tissue
- Visual representation of areolar connective tissue.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of human skin, including the layers of the epidermis and dermis, as well as the characteristics of epithelial tissue. It also explores the embryonic origins of connective tissue and the roles of various skin cells like keratinocytes and melanocytes. Test your knowledge on these essential biological concepts!
