Stress and Health (Chapter 13)

Stress is the body's response to a stressor, while a stressor is the event causing the stress response.

Long-term stress, leading to negative health consequences like heart problems and weakened immunity.

A model that explains the connection between mental and physical health, acknowledging that these health aspects are interconnected.

Abnormal behavior is defined by three criteria: deviance (from societal norms), distress (causing personal suffering), and dysfunction (impairing daily functioning).

A model that explains mental disorders as a combination of a predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors that trigger the disorder.

Short-term stress; produces rapid responses like increased heart rate and anxiety, but can also momentarily boost alertness.

The belief in one's ability to influence events, crucial for stress management as it reduces helplessness.

Everyday events that can accumulate, negatively affecting physical, mental, cognitive, and behavioral well-being.

Added experiences like hallucinations (hearing voices) and delusions (false beliefs).

Reduced functions like flat affect (no emotion), avolition (lack of motivation), and anhedonia (no pleasure).

A sudden memory loss of personal information, too extensive to be normal forgetting. Caused by stress, head injury, or substance use.

Having two or more distinct personalities, usually very different, marked by a disruption of identity.

Intense fear of judgment or embarrassment in social situations.

Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, urges, or images causing distress or anxiety.

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts done in response to obsessions.

Chronic worry about various topics, causing physical symptoms like muscle tension and sleep problems.

A personality disorder characterized by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior. People with this disorder often disregard rules and the rights of others, showing a lack of empathy.

A personality disorder marked by instability in social relationships, self-image, and emotional functioning. People with this disorder often experience intense emotions, fear of abandonment, and engage in impulsive behaviors.

A personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, and an excessive need for attention and admiration. People with this disorder often lack empathy and exploit others.

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, despair, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities. Symptoms include loss of appetite, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and thoughts of death.

A mood disorder marked by alternating periods of mania (elevated mood, hyperactivity, and racing thoughts) and depression (low mood, lethargy, and feelings of sadness).

A type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns, challenging irrational thoughts, and developing coping skills. It helps individuals manage their emotions and behaviors.

Combining medication with therapy, such as CBT, often leads to better long-term outcomes for managing anxiety and mood disorders.

Factors that hinder individuals from accessing mental health treatment, such as stigma, cost, lack of access, and fear of judgment.

The simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in a patient.

Underestimating the role of situational factors when explaining someone's behavior.

The discomfort experienced when holding two contradictory beliefs or attitudes.

Changing your opinion or behavior to match that of a group in order to fit in.

The tendency of group members to suppress dissent in favor of reaching consensus.

The negative attitudes and beliefs associated with mental health issues, leading to shame and fear of judgment.

The availability and affordability of mental health professionals and services in a community.

Suggests that humans are more likely to develop phobias of certain stimuli, like snakes or spiders, due to evolutionary history.

A type of antidepressant medication which increases serotonin levels in the brain.

A type of medication that reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation by enhancing the effects of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter).

Both medication and psychotherapy can effectively treat mood and anxiety disorders. Medication offers quick symptom relief, while psychotherapy addresses the root causes.