Stress and Health (Chapter 13)
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Questions and Answers

What term describes an event or trigger that leads to a stress response?

  • Stressor (correct)
  • Response mechanism
  • Stress
  • Coping strategy

    • Which component of the stress response involves the release of stress hormones and physiological symptoms?

  • Emotional response
  • Cognitive response
  • Physiological response (correct)
  • Behavioral response

    • In the biopsychosocial model of health, what aspect is emphasized in the connection between mental and physical health?

  • The interdependence of various health factors (correct)
  • Genetic predispositions only
  • Stress as a singular cause of health issues
  • Isolated treatment approaches

    • Which of the following is NOT a common effect of chronic stress?

    <p>Boosted alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor in stress management according to the concept of perceived control?

    <p>Belief in one's ability to influence events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion is NOT part of the diagnosis of abnormal behavior?

    <p>Dissociation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the diathesis-stress model, what does the term 'diathesis' refer to?

    <p>A predisposition or vulnerability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is likely to worsen the impact of stress on health?

    <p>Poor sleep habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological characteristic of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Grandiose sense of self-importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is specifically focused on changing negative thought patterns?

    <p>Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by alternating between depressed and manic episodes?

    <p>Bipolar Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential barrier to seeking treatment for mental health issues?

    <p>Stigmatization and misinformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the effectiveness of treatments for mood disorders?

    <p>People who receive treatment generally fare better than those who do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might indicate a manic episode?

    <p>Elevated mood and hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Emotional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hearing voices and delusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dissociative identity disorder (DID) from other dissociative disorders?

    <p>It involves multiple distinct identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Chronic and uncontrollable worry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Having repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dissociative amnesia?

    <p>A sudden and extensive loss of memory due to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is commonly used for managing schizophrenia?

    <p>Family therapy and vocational rehab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of personality disorders is characterized by extreme and inflexible traits?

    <p>Personality disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of social phobia?

    <p>Engaging in compulsive behaviors to reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is comorbidity in a clinical context?

    <p>The simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary criticism of the DSM?

    <p>It shows cultural bias in its diagnostic criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes cognitive dissonance?

    <p>The discomfort of holding two contradictory beliefs or attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the psychological phenomenon of groupthink?

    <p>The suppression of dissenting opinions in favor of consensus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a good example of social loafing?

    <p>A person doing minimal work, relying on others for outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant barrier to seeking treatment for mental health issues?

    <p>Fear of being judged or labeled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the diathesis-stress model, what contributes to the development of psychological disorders?

    <p>A combination of genetic vulnerability and stressful life events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical model's perspective on abnormal behavior?

    <p>It is useful to think of it as a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medication is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

    <p>To identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noted about the effectiveness of combining medication and psychotherapy in treating severe cases?

    <p>Combining both often yields the best results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common barrier to seeking mental health treatment?

    <p>Desire for group therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Americans are estimated to experience mental disorders?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stress and Health (Chapter 13)

    • Stress is a physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to a stressor.
    • A stressor is the event or trigger that leads to the stress response.
    • Physiological responses include the release of stress hormones and changes in physical symptoms (fight-or-flight).
    • Cognitive responses involve assessing the importance of the stressor and ability to cope.
    • Behavioral responses involve approaching or avoiding the stressor.
    • Daily stressors can accumulate and cause physical, mental, cognitive, and behavioral problems.
    • The biopsychosocial model connects mental and physical health.
    • Perceived control in managing stress reduces feelings of helplessness.
    • Acute stress is short-term and can briefly boost alertness.
    • Chronic stress is long-term and can lead to health problems.
    • Effective stress coping includes reframing, seeking support, changing behavior, and problem-focused coping.
    • Health-impairing behaviors exacerbate stress.

    Chapters 14 & 15

    • The medical model applies criteria for abnormal behavior -- deviance, distress, and dysfunction.
    • The diathesis-stress model combines predisposition (diathesis) with environmental triggers (stress) for disorders.
    • Schizophrenia and related disorders include symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech (positive symptoms), and flat affect, avolition, and anhedonia (negative symptoms).
    • Schizophrenia treatments involve medication (antipsychotics), therapy (CBT, social skills), and support services.
    • Dissociative disorders involve disruptions of identity, memory, or consciousness.
    • Dissociative amnesia involves loss of memory.
    • Dissociative identity disorder involves multiple personalities.
    • Causes include severe abuse, neglect, and early stressors.
    • Anxiety disorders include social phobia, specific phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
    • Social Phobia involves intense fear of being judged socially.
    • GAD involves chronic and fluctuating worry about various issues.
    • OCD involves recurring thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
    • PTSD follows traumatic events.

    Mood Disorders

    • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.
    • Bipolar disorder involves periods of depression and mania.
    • Symptoms of mania include elevated mood, optimism, energy, and impulsivity.
    • Bipolar and MDD treatments involve therapy (CBT) and medication (antidepressants, mood stabilizers).

    Mental Health Treatments

    • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps to change negative thought patterns.
    • Treatments effectiveness is shown by better outcomes for people that seek help.

    Theories and Models

    • The diathesis-stress model suggests that disorders develop from a combination of predisposition and stressors.
    • The preparedness theory proposes that humans are biologically predisposed to certain fears (e.g., snakes, spiders).
    • The medical model views abnormal behaviors as diseases.

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry and fear.
    • Anxiety disorders include various disorders that involve fear and worry.
    • Treatments for anxiety disorders include psychotherapy (CBT) and medication.

    Other Key Information

    • The percentage of Americans experiencing mental disorders is around 40%.
    • Social networks support mental health and reduce stress.
    • Important criteria for abnormal behavior are deviance, distress, and dysfunction.
    • Cognitive coping strategies are rational coping methods.
    • Emergency mental health crisis number is 988.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate relationship between stress and health in Chapter 13. This section discusses the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to stressors, emphasizing effective coping strategies and the impact of chronic stress. Understand how the biopsychosocial model connects mental and physical well-being.

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