120 Questions
Which system in the body is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response to stress?
Nervous system
Which hormone inhibits amygdala activity and the release of cortisol in response to stress?
Oxytocin
What is the term used to describe the seeking out of stable friendship networks for support in response to stress?
Tend-and-befriend
Which type of personality is more likely to experience a heart attack?
Type A
What is the study of the relationship between the immune system and nervous system functioning called?
Psychoneuroimmunology
Which coping strategy involves finding ways to reduce the negative effects of emotions?
Emotion-focused coping
Which theory suggests that positive emotions can broaden our thought processes and build new resources?
Broaden-and-build theory
Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with increased rates of adolescent smoking?
Low socioeconomic status
What is one of the efforts to prevent smoking mentioned in the text?
Banning smoking in public places
What is the relationship between poverty and health?
Positive correlation
What is one of the negative health consequences associated with loneliness and social isolation?
Increased risk of heart disease
What is the primary appraisal in the cognitive appraisal theory of stress?
Perception of potential threat
What is the physiological response to stress called?
Stress response
What theory of stress responses involves stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?
General Adaptation Syndrome
Which of the following is true about the copyright of the Powerpoint presentation and accompanying lecture?
Students enrolled in PSYC 1200, A01, Summer 2023, at the University of Manitoba can use the slides and lecture.
What percentage of Canadian adults smoke cigarettes as of 2021?
12.9%
What health conditions are associated with smoking cigarettes?
Lung, mouth, throat cancer
How much shorter is the life expectancy of smokers compared to non-smokers?
7 - 14 years
What is the topic of the lecture mentioned in the text?
Behaviour and Health: Smoking
What is expressly prohibited in relation to the lectures mentioned in the text?
Unauthorized or commercial use of the lectures
What is the trend in Canadian adult smoking rates from 2012 to 2021?
Decrease from 19.9% to 12.9%
Which of the following is a characteristic of optimism?
Tendency to have a favourable view on situations
What is the correlation between pessimism and mortality rate?
Increased mortality rate
What is resilience?
Ability to effectively recover from illness or adversity
What is post-traumatic growth?
Capacity to grow and experience positive effects in response to negative events
What is meditation associated with?
Reduced levels of anxiety
What is yoga associated with?
Lower levels of physical and mental stress
What is learned helplessness?
Suppression of avoidance or escape behavior in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances
What happens in the brain during learned helplessness?
Brainstem produces a stress response that is uninhibited by the Frontal Lobes
What is compensatory control?
Psychological strategies people use to preserve a sense of non-random order when personal control is compromised
Which organization created the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?
American Psychiatric Association
What is the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?
DSM-5
How many categories does the DSM divide mental illnesses into?
19
What is the term used to describe thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are maladaptive?
Abnormal
Which behavior does not necessarily indicate a psychological disorder?
Responding to the same types of treatment
Which of the following is a characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Elevated levels of anxiety in response to everyday challenges
What distinguishes Panic Disorder from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Short intervals of severe anxiety
What are panic attacks?
Brief moments of extreme anxiety with physical arousal and frightening thoughts
What is the main characteristic of Social Anxiety Disorder?
Very strong fear of being judged or embarrassed in public
What are the symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Unwanted, persistent thoughts and engagement in repetitive behaviors
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by odd and eccentric behaviors?
Cluster A
Which personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with the belief that other people are attempting to harm or deceive them?
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Which personality disorder is characterized by individuals who are socially detached, do not desire close relationships, and do not find most activities enjoyable?
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Which personality disorder is characterized by individuals who switch between extreme positive and negative emotions, demonstrate an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and have difficulty maintaining social relationships?
Borderline Personality Disorder
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by dramatic and erratic behaviors?
Cluster B
Which of the following is a characteristic of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?
An excessive need for attention and admiration
Which of the following is a characteristic of Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD)?
Excessive attention seeking and dramatic behavior
Which of the following is a characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)?
A profound lack of empathy or emotional connection with others
Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)?
A troubled upbringing, trauma, and abuse
Approximately what percentage of people with Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) could also be diagnosed with psychopathy?
15-20%
Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by excessive need for reassurance and help with decision making?
Dependent Personality Disorder
What is the primary characteristic of Cluster C Personality Disorders?
Feelings of anxiety and nervousness
Which disorder is characterized by avoidance of social interactions due to feeling inadequate and fearing rejection?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
What is the category of mental disorders characterized by a split between a person's conscious awareness and their feelings, cognitions, memory, and identity?
Dissociative Disorders
What percentage of the population is estimated to be affected by Dissociative Identity Disorder?
1.5%
Which brain area is responsible for positive rewards and may experience reduced ability to feel pleasure in individuals with depression?
Nucleus accumbens
What is the term used to describe the reduced ability to feel pleasure in individuals with depression?
Anhedonia
Which phase of schizophrenia is characterized by confusion, difficulty organizing thoughts, loss of interest, withdrawal from friends and family, and general loss of motivation?
Prodromal Phase
What is the term used to describe beliefs that are not based on or well integrated with reality in individuals with schizophrenia?
Delusions
Which brain area is particularly affected in individuals with schizophrenia, leading to lowered activity in frontal lobes and potential attentional difficulties?
Frontal lobes
Which of the following is a characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Frequently elevated levels of anxiety in response to everyday challenges and stresses
Which brain region is larger and more sensitive to stressors in individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Amygdala
Which of the following is a characteristic of Panic Disorder?
Frequent panic attacks
What are panic attacks?
Brief moments of extreme anxiety that include a rush of physical arousal paired with frightening thoughts
What is the primary characteristic of Major Depression?
Prolonged periods of sadness and feelings of worthlessness
Which version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) is the most current?
DSM-5-TR
What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?
To classify psychological disorders
What is the definition of maladaptive behavior?
All of the above
How many categories does the DSM-5-TR divide mental illnesses into?
19
What is the main purpose of the copyright mentioned in the text?
All of the above
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by odd and eccentric behaviors?
Cluster A
What is the primary characteristic of Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)?
Belief that others are trying to harm or deceive them
Which personality disorder is associated with a smaller left Superior Temporal Gyrus?
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by dramatic and erratic behaviors?
Cluster B
What is the primary characteristic of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?
Switching between extreme positive and negative emotions
Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive attention seeking and dramatic behavior?
Histrionic Personality Disorder
What is the main factor that distinguishes Histrionic Personality Disorder from other disorders?
Flamboyant and exhibitionistic behaviors
What is the main characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Profound lack of empathy
Approximately what percentage of people with Antisocial Personality Disorder could also be diagnosed with psychopathy?
15-20%
What is the main factor assessed by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL_R)?
Interpersonal/Emotional
Which brain area is responsible for positive rewards and may experience reduced ability to feel pleasure in individuals with depression?
Nucleus accumbens
What is the primary characteristic of Bipolar Disorder?
Extreme highs and lows in mood
What is the concordance rate of schizophrenia in identical twins?
25-50%
Which phase of schizophrenia is characterized by delusional thoughts, hallucinations, and disorganized patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behavior?
Active Phase
What is the term used to describe beliefs that are not based on or well integrated with reality, such as 'Delusions of grandeur'?
Delusions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD)?
Avoidance of social interactions due to feeling inadequate and fearing rejection
What is the primary characteristic of Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD)?
Excessive reliance on, and attachment to others
Which personality disorder is characterized by being unusually focused on perfection, details, organization, productivity?
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
What is the primary characteristic of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
Split between a person's conscious awareness and their feelings, cognitions, memory, and identity
What is one of the primary characteristics of Cluster C Personality Disorders?
Excessive need to be cared for
Which behavior has been extensively studied in relation to health and is associated with various diseases?
Tobacco use
What is the current smoking rate among Canadian adults?
12.9%
What are the potential consequences of smoking cigarettes?
Shortened life expectancy
What is prohibited without official permission of Ryan Langridge?
Recording audio and/or video
What is expressly prohibited in relation to the lectures?
Unauthorized or commercial use
What is the primary focus of the text?
Behaviour and Health
What is the purpose of the text?
To raise awareness about smoking
What is the term used to describe the set of physiological changes that occur in response to psychological or physical threats?
Fight-or-flight response
Which hormone inhibits amygdala activity and the release of cortisol in response to stress?
Oxytocin
What is the term used to describe the study of the relationship between the immune system and nervous system functioning?
Psychoneuroimmunology
What is the term used to describe the processes used to manage demands, stress, and conflict?
Coping
Which theory suggests that positive emotions help people broaden their thought processes and build new intellectual, social, and physical resources?
Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions
Which personality type is more likely to experience a heart attack?
Type A
What effect do positive emotions have on attentional focus?
Expand attentional focus
What is the association between exposure to movies featuring smoking and smoking in adolescence?
Exposure to movies featuring smoking is associated with smoking in adolescence.
What is the effect of watching scenes that involve smoking?
Watching scenes that involve smoking increases the likelihood of smoking after viewing the scene.
What is the relationship between the prevalence of smoking in movies and adolescent smoking rates?
As the prevalence of smoking in movies increases, adolescent smoking rates decrease.
What are some efforts to prevent smoking mentioned in the text?
All of the above
What is the relationship between poverty and health?
Poverty is positively correlated with worse health.
What is the relationship between prejudice and discrimination and health?
Prejudice and discrimination are positively correlated with worse health.
What is the relationship between family and social environment and health?
Long-term isolation is more dangerous than smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure.
Which of the following is a characteristic of optimism?
Tendency to have a favourable, constructive view on situations and to expect positive outcomes
Which of the following is a factor that may contribute to resilience?
Personality and emotional characteristics
Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic growth?
Increased feelings of inner-strength
What is the primary characteristic of meditation?
Shift in consciousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused, aware, and in control of mental processes
What is the primary characteristic of yoga?
Directed breathing while moving body into specific poses
What is the primary characteristic of learned helplessness?
Learned suppression of avoidance or escape behavior in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances
What is compensatory control?
Psychological strategies people use to preserve a sense of non-random order when personal control is compromised
What is one of the effects of exercise on the brain?
Development of new nerve cells in the hippocampus
What happens in the brain during learned helplessness?
Brainstem produces a stress response that is uninhibited by the Frontal Lobes
Test your knowledge on the physiological response to stress with this quiz. Learn about the fight-or-flight response and the role of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.
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