States of Matter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?

  • Plasma
  • Gas
  • Liquid
  • Solid (correct)

The state of matter that has particles tightly packed but can slide over one another is called a ______.

liquid

The forces of attraction between particles in a solid are weaker than those in a gas.

False (B)

Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.

<p>The particles in a liquid are tightly packed but can slide over one another. They have more kinetic energy than solids, allowing them to move more freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics to the state of matter they describe:

<p>Fixed shape = Solid Indefinite shape = Liquid Definite volume = Liquid Indefinite volume = Gas Particles vibrate in fixed positions = Solid Particles move freely = Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that affects the speed of particle motion in matter?

<p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container?

<p>Liquid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solids have weaker forces of attraction between particles than liquids.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is made up of particles that are constantly in motion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main characteristics that define matter?

<p>Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common state of matter in the visible universe?

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The particles in a gas are ______ apart and ______ freely.

<p>very far, move</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties of matter with the correct state of matter:

<p>Fixed volume = Solid Indefinite shape = Gas Medium density = Liquid Very weak forces of attraction = Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an example of plasma?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liquids are easier to compress than solids.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes plasma from other states of matter?

<p>Plasma is composed of electrically charged particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a solid?

<p>Particles are far apart and move freely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The particles in a liquid are closer together than the particles in a gas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which a liquid changes into a gas?

<p>Vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

The state of matter that is highly conductive and is affected by magnetic fields is called ______.

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states of matter with their corresponding properties:

<p>Solid = Definite shape and definite volume Liquid = Indefinite shape and definite volume Gas = Indefinite shape and indefinite volume Plasma = Indefinite shape and indefinite volume, highly conductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the heat movement during condensation?

<p>Heat leaves the gas as it condenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The kinetic theory of matter states that the particles in matter are constantly moving.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a gas and a plasma?

<p>Plasma is an ionized gas, meaning its particles are electrically charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas is called ______.

<p>sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a plasma?

<p>Lightning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matter can change from one state to another, meaning the particles will be arranged ______ and the properties of the substance will change.

<p>differently</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following changes of state with their descriptions:

<p>Melting = Solid to Liquid Freezing = Liquid to Solid Evaporation = Liquid to Gas Condensation = Gas to Liquid Sublimation = Solid to Gas Deposition = Gas to Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a change of state?

<p>Dissolving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dry ice sublimates at room temperature, meaning it changes directly from a solid to a gas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what happens to the particles of a substance when it is heated.

<p>When a substance is heated, the particles gain kinetic energy, causing them to move faster and further apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes of state involves a decrease in the amount of kinetic energy of the particles?

<p>Freezing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a gas changes directly into a solid is called ______.

<p>deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Condensation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a change of state of matter?

<p>Conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The kinetic energy of particles increases as they are heated.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which a gas changes into a liquid?

<p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The element with the highest melting point is ______.

<p>Tungsten</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states of matter with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Solid = Particles tightly packed and have fixed positions Liquid = Particles close together but can move around Gas = Particles widely spaced and move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

States of Matter

The distinct forms that different phases of matter take on, typically solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

States that matter is made of particles in constant random motion.

Solid

A state of matter with tightly packed particles, fixed shape, and volume.

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Liquid

A state of matter where particles are close but can slide past each other, has definite volume but no fixed shape.

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Gas

A state of matter with particles far apart, no fixed volume or shape, great compressibility.

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Plasma

A state of matter where gases are energized until atomic electrons are no longer associated with any particular atomic nucleus.

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Bose-Einstein Condensate

A state of matter formed at temperatures close to absolute zero, where particles occupy the same space and quantum state.

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Kinetic energy in solids

In solids, particles vibrate in place with low kinetic energy compared to liquids and gases.

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Kinetic energy in gases

In gases, particles have high kinetic energy, moving freely and rapidly away from each other.

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Density comparison

Solids have high density, liquids have medium density, and gases have low density due to particle spacing.

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Forces of attraction in states of matter

Solids have strong forces of attraction, liquids have moderate, and gases have very weak forces between particles.

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Particle arrangement in solids

In solids, particles are tightly packed and vibrate around fixed positions.

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Particle arrangement in liquids

In liquids, particles are close but can slide over one another.

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Particle arrangement in gases

In gases, particles are far apart and move freely.

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Shape and volume of solids

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

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Shape and volume of liquids

Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume.

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Shape and volume of gases

Gases have both indefinite shape and indefinite volume.

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Melting

The phase change from solid to liquid where heat enters the solid.

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Freezing

The phase change from liquid to solid where heat leaves the liquid.

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Vaporization

The phase change from liquid to gas, includes boiling and evaporation.

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Tungsten melting point

The temperature needed to turn tungsten from solid to liquid is 3422°C.

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Tungsten boiling point

The temperature required to turn tungsten from liquid to gas is 5555°C.

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Helium melting point

To turn helium from gas to liquid, cool it to below -268°C.

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Helium freezing point

Helium solidifies when cooled to below -272°C.

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Kinetic energy in liquids

In liquids, particles have moderate kinetic energy and flow past each other.

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Evaporation

The phase change from liquid to gas, where particles gain enough energy to escape.

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Changing State

The process by which matter shifts from one state (solid, liquid, gas) to another, altering particle arrangement and properties.

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Condensation

The change of state from gas to liquid, as temperature decreases and particles lose energy.

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Sublimation

The transition from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state, typically from added heat.

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Deposition

The process where gas transforms directly into solid without first becoming a liquid.

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Particle Movement in Liquids

In liquids, particles are closer than in gases but can slide past one another, allowing liquids to flow.

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Study Notes

States of Matter

  • Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass.
  • Matter is made up of particles.
  • Particles are in constant motion, and temperature affects their speed of motion.
  • There are forces of attraction between the particles.
  • Particles have empty/void spaces.
  • Matter exists in different states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate, and possibly others.
  • Each state has unique properties regarding particle arrangement, shape, volume, and kinetic energy.
  • Matter in the universe, primarily plasma.

Solids

  • Particles in solids are tightly packed, vibrating about fixed positions.
  • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
  • Solids are difficult to compress.
  • Solids have strong forces of attraction between particles.
  • Solids have a high density.
  • Particles in solids vibrate in their fixed position and have a very small amount of kinetic energy.

Liquids

  • Particles in liquids are tightly packed, but far enough apart to slide over one another.
  • Liquids take the shape of their container, but they have a definite volume.
  • Liquids can be compressed slightly.
  • Liquids have weaker forces of attraction between particles.
  • Liquids have a medium density.
  • Particles in liquids possess more kinetic energy than particles in solids.

Gases

  • Particles in gases are very far apart and move freely.
  • Gases take the shape and volume of their container.
  • Gases are very easy to compress.
  • Gases have very weak forces of attraction between particles.
  • Gases have a low density.
  • Particles in gases move around rapidly and have high kinetic energy.

Plasma

  • Plasma is superheated matter, comprising over 99% of the visible universe.
  • It is an electrically charged state of matter, existing when a gas is extremely heated or subjected to a strong magnetic field.
  • Examples of plasma include flames, lightning, auroras, the sun, and solar wind.
  • Plasmas have no definite shape or volume

Amorphous Solids

  • Glass is an amorphous solid.
  • Glass particles are not as organized as a solid crystal, but are more organized than a liquid.
  • Glass is in a state between a liquid and a solid.

Fire

  • Fire is a chemical reaction, not a state of matter.
  • It's the visible product of a combustion reaction, needing fuel and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and release heat and light.

Other States of Matter

  • Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter that can exist only at extremely low temperatures.

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