54 Questions
What is the stage where chromosomes become gradually visible under a light microscope?
Prophase-I
What is the term for the pairing of homologous chromosomes?
Synapsis
What is the stage where the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occurs?
Pachytene
What is the term for the two chromosomes that are similar in form, size, and structure?
Homologous
During which stage do the homologous chromosomes start separating?
Diplotene
What is the term for the point of exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?
Chiasma
What is the stage of karyokinesis characterized by the formation of chromosomes from the condensed filament?
Prophase
What is the process called when the nuclear membrane disappears during mitosis?
Eumitosis
What is the structure that surrounds the centromere of a chromosome during metaphase?
Kinetochore
What is the term for the stage of karyokinesis where the chromosomes come to lie at the equatorial plate?
Metaphase
What is the term for the assembly of the mitotic spindle that mediates the microtubule-chromosome interactions required for chromosome movement?
Congression
What is the type of mitosis that occurs in animal cells?
Amphiastral
What is the characteristic of diplotene stage in oocytes of some vertebrates?
It lasts for months or years
What happens to the nuclear membrane during diakinesis?
It breaks down
What is the function of microtubules in metaphase I?
They provide both mechanical support and cell movement
During which stage of prophase I do the chromosomes align on the equatorial plate?
Late metaphase I
What is the result of spindle microtubules pulling the homologous chromosomes in anaphase I?
The homologous chromosomes are separated
During which stage do the microtubules from opposite poles attach to the kinetochores of the pair of homologous chromosomes?
Early metaphase I
What is the characteristic of chromosomes during interkinesis?
They remain elongated
What is the result of the process that occurs during telophase I?
Two daughter nuclei with half the number of chromosomes
What is the difference between prophase I and prophase II?
Prophase II is simpler than prophase I
During which stage do the spindle fibres completely disappear?
Telophase I
What is the term for the stage where the cytoplasm is divided equally into daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
What is the characteristic of the chromosomes at the end of meiosis I?
They are bivalent
What is the primary outcome of the condensation of chromatin fibers during prophase II?
The formation of compact chromosomes
At which stage of meiosis II do the microtubules of the spindle apparatus pull the sister chromatids to the opposite poles?
Anaphase II
What is the result of the spindle fibers degenerating during telophase II?
The decondensation of chromosomes into chromatin
During which stage of meiosis II do the condensed chromosomes align at the equatorial plate?
Metaphase II
What is the outcome of cytokinesis in meiosis II?
The formation of four haploid cells
During which stage of meiosis II do the centrioles move towards the opposite ends of the cell?
Prophase II
What is the primary function of the kinetochore in karyokinesis?
To form the site of attachment of microtubules
During anaphase, what happens to the centromere of each chromatid?
It splits into two identical centromeres
What is the result of the spindle fibers pulling the chromatids during anaphase?
The chromatids are pulled towards their respective poles
What is the characteristic of chromosomes during telophase?
They start decondensing into chromatin fibers
What is the process of cell division in animal cells that involves the formation of a furrow?
Cytokinesis
What is the final result of telophase and cytokinesis?
The formation of two identical daughter nuclei
What is a characteristic of chromosomes during telophase I?
They have reached the poles
What happens to the spindle fibers during telophase I?
They completely disappear
What is the stage of meiosis that follows telophase I?
Cytokinesis
What occurs during anaphase I?
The reduction in the number of chromosomes occurs
What is the result of cytokinesis in meiosis?
Two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
What is a characteristic of prophase II?
It is initiated after cytokinesis I
What happens to the nuclear membrane during early prophase II?
It starts to disintegrate
What occurs during metaphase II?
Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate
What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase II?
They split and move towards the opposite poles
What is the outcome of cytokinesis?
Formation of four haploid cells
What happens to the chromosomes during telophase II?
They decondense into chromatin
What is the significance of meiosis?
It produces gametes for sexual reproduction
What is the primary site of attachment of microtubules?
Kinetochore
During anaphase, what happens to the sister chromatids?
They separate into two identical and independent chromosomes
What is the characteristic of chromosomes during telophase?
They are observed to be clustered at opposite poles
In animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved by the formation of a?
Cell furrow
What happens to the centromere during anaphase?
It splits and each chromatid gets its own
What is the result of the spindle fibers pulling the chromatids during anaphase?
Chromosomes move to opposite poles
Test your understanding of the zygotene stage of meiosis, where chromosomes become visible under a light microscope and homologous chromosomes come together to form a synaptonemal complex. Learn about the process of synapsis and the formation of bivalents or tetrads. Assess your knowledge of this critical stage in meiosis.
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