Meiosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of cell undergoes meiosis?

Gamete cells

What are homologous chromosomes?

Chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

What does haploid refer to?

A cell that contains only a single set of genes

What does diploid refer to?

A cell that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Are sperm cells haploid or diploid?

Haploid Signup and view all the answers

Are liver cells haploid or diploid?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

Are egg cells haploid or diploid?

Haploid Signup and view all the answers

Are stomach cells haploid or diploid?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

If the diploid number in a liver cell is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?

26 Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, the chromosome number?

is reduced Signup and view all the answers

Cells starting mitosis and meiosis begin with a (haploid or ______) set of chromosomes.

diploid Signup and view all the answers

How many times do cells divide during meiosis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of meiosis called?

Meiosis 1: Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Cytokinesis. Meiosis 2: Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tetrad?

Structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What phase do you see tetrads in?

Prophase 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is crossing over?

An exchange of information between 2 homologous chromosomes, homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What stage is crossing-over found in?

Prophase 1 Signup and view all the answers

Is DNA copied before meiosis 2?

False Signup and view all the answers

How many cells form at the end of meiosis 2 and how many chromosomes do they contain?

4 cells, 23 chromosomes (haploid) Signup and view all the answers

A sperm cell is a (gamete, zygote) and is a (haploid, diploid).

Gamete, Haploid Signup and view all the answers

When a sperm cell and ovum/egg merge, they undergo the process of fertilization, and give rise to a (gamete, zygote) which is (haploid, diploid).

Zygote, Diploid Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal/purpose of mitosis? What term do we use to describe the new cells?

Replace cells, grow more cells. Described as a diploid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between chromosomes, chromatids, and homologous chromosomes?

Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA, chromatids are the duplicated forms of chromosomes, and homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes from each parent. Signup and view all the answers

How are DNA and chromosomes related?

DNA is wound up into chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a haploid, diploid, and zygote? (n or 2n)

Haploid: n, Diploid: 2n, Zygote: 2n Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis create?

Haploid gamete cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a gamete? How do we represent the chromosome number (2n or n)?

Sex cell, n Signup and view all the answers

What is a karyotype?

An organized profile of a person's chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

XX is what gender, XY is what gender?

XX is female, XY is male Signup and view all the answers

How do scientists organize chromosomes?

By size, bending pattern, and centromere position Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meiosis Overview

Meiosis occurs in gamete cells, leading to the production of sex cells like sperm and egg.
It reduces the chromosome number, halving diploid cells (2n) into haploid cells (n).

Chromosome Terms

Homologous chromosomes consist of one maternal and one paternal chromosome.
A haploid cell has a single set of genes; a diploid cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes.
Example haploid cells: sperm and egg cells.
Example diploid cells: liver and stomach cells.

Chromosome Count

In an organism with a diploid number of 52 (liver cells), egg cells contain 26 chromosomes.
Sperm cells are gametes with a haploid chromosome count; zygotes formed post-fertilization are diploid.

Meiosis Process

Cells initiating meiosis are diploid, dividing twice (2x) during the process.
Meiosis includes two stages: Meiosis 1 (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis) and Meiosis 2.

Tetrads and Crossing Over

Tetrads, structures with four chromatids, appear during prophase 1.
Crossing over, the exchange of information between homologous chromosomes, also occurs in prophase 1.

After Meiosis

No DNA replication occurs before Meiosis 2.
The end of meiosis 2 results in four haploid cells, each containing 23 chromosomes.

Cell Types and Chromosome Arrangement

A zygote forms when a sperm cell (haploid) fuses with an ovum (egg), creating a diploid cell.
Mitosis aims to replace and grow cells, generating new diploid cells.

Genetic Organization

Karyotyping organizes chromosomes by size, bending pattern, and centromere position.
Chromosome configurations indicate gender: XX for female, XY for male.

Chromosomal Relationships

DNA is organized into chromosomes, with distinctions in structure important: recombinant DNA and chromatids lead to genetic variation.
Definitions: haploid (n), diploid (2n), zygote (2n).

Meiosis Outcome

The primary outcome of meiosis is to create haploid gamete cells crucial for sexual reproduction.

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Description

Test your knowledge on meiosis with these flashcards. Explore key concepts such as gamete cells, homologous chromosomes, and the definitions of haploid and diploid. Perfect for students studying biology at any level.