Questions and Answers
What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
Gamete cells
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
What does haploid refer to?
A cell that contains only a single set of genes
What does diploid refer to?
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Are sperm cells haploid or diploid?
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Are liver cells haploid or diploid?
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Are egg cells haploid or diploid?
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Are stomach cells haploid or diploid?
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If the diploid number in a liver cell is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?
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During meiosis, the chromosome number?
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Cells starting mitosis and meiosis begin with a (haploid or ______) set of chromosomes.
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How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
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What are the stages of meiosis called?
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What is a tetrad?
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What phase do you see tetrads in?
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What is crossing over?
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What stage is crossing-over found in?
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Is DNA copied before meiosis 2?
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How many cells form at the end of meiosis 2 and how many chromosomes do they contain?
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A sperm cell is a (gamete, zygote) and is a (haploid, diploid).
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When a sperm cell and ovum/egg merge, they undergo the process of fertilization, and give rise to a (gamete, zygote) which is (haploid, diploid).
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What is the ultimate goal/purpose of mitosis? What term do we use to describe the new cells?
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What is the difference between chromosomes, chromatids, and homologous chromosomes?
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How are DNA and chromosomes related?
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What is the difference between a haploid, diploid, and zygote? (n or 2n)
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What does meiosis create?
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What is a gamete? How do we represent the chromosome number (2n or n)?
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What is a karyotype?
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XX is what gender, XY is what gender?
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How do scientists organize chromosomes?
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Study Notes
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis occurs in gamete cells, leading to the production of sex cells like sperm and egg.
- It reduces the chromosome number, halving diploid cells (2n) into haploid cells (n).
Chromosome Terms
- Homologous chromosomes consist of one maternal and one paternal chromosome.
- A haploid cell has a single set of genes; a diploid cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes.
- Example haploid cells: sperm and egg cells.
- Example diploid cells: liver and stomach cells.
Chromosome Count
- In an organism with a diploid number of 52 (liver cells), egg cells contain 26 chromosomes.
- Sperm cells are gametes with a haploid chromosome count; zygotes formed post-fertilization are diploid.
Meiosis Process
- Cells initiating meiosis are diploid, dividing twice (2x) during the process.
- Meiosis includes two stages: Meiosis 1 (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis) and Meiosis 2.
Tetrads and Crossing Over
- Tetrads, structures with four chromatids, appear during prophase 1.
- Crossing over, the exchange of information between homologous chromosomes, also occurs in prophase 1.
After Meiosis
- No DNA replication occurs before Meiosis 2.
- The end of meiosis 2 results in four haploid cells, each containing 23 chromosomes.
Cell Types and Chromosome Arrangement
- A zygote forms when a sperm cell (haploid) fuses with an ovum (egg), creating a diploid cell.
- Mitosis aims to replace and grow cells, generating new diploid cells.
Genetic Organization
- Karyotyping organizes chromosomes by size, bending pattern, and centromere position.
- Chromosome configurations indicate gender: XX for female, XY for male.
Chromosomal Relationships
- DNA is organized into chromosomes, with distinctions in structure important: recombinant DNA and chromatids lead to genetic variation.
- Definitions: haploid (n), diploid (2n), zygote (2n).
Meiosis Outcome
- The primary outcome of meiosis is to create haploid gamete cells crucial for sexual reproduction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on meiosis with these flashcards. Explore key concepts such as gamete cells, homologous chromosomes, and the definitions of haploid and diploid. Perfect for students studying biology at any level.
