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Questions and Answers
A cell with two pairs of each set of chromosomes is called a ________ cell.
Diploid
A cell with only one set of chromosomes is called a _______ cell. These types of cells are found in the reproductive organs and are called _____ cells.
Haploid, Germ
Diploid cells are typically found throughout the body tissues and are called _______ cells.
Somatic
Sperm and egg cells are called _______.
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A fertilized egg is a ________.
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A type of cell division that results in diploid cells is called ______.
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A type of cell division that results in haploid cells is called ______.
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When a sperm and egg combine, it is called _______.
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What is the diploid number for humans?
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What is the haploid number for humans?
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Matching chromosomes are called _________ pairs.
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During prophase 1 of meiosis, these pairs form a tetras in a process called ______.
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When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, it is called _______.
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How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1?
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How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2?
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During meiosis, chromosomes will split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique. This is called ________.
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What separates in meiosis 1?
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What separates in meiosis 2?
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In what phase do homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads?
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In what phase do spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides?
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What phase does crossing over occur?
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In what phase does chromatids separate?
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In what phase do homologs line up along the equator?
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What phase does the nuclear membrane reform, cytoplasm divide, and 4 daughter cells are formed?
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In what phase does cytoplasm divide, and 2 daughter cells are formed?
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In what phase do chromosomes line up along the equator, not in homologous pairs?
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Study Notes
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid cells (gametes) from diploid cells.
- The diploid number in humans is 46, while the haploid number is 23.
Meiosis Cell Types
- Diploid cells, containing two sets of each chromosome, are called diploid or somatic cells.
- Haploid cells, which contain a single set of chromosomes, are found in reproductive organs and referred to as haploid or germ cells.
- Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg), formed through meiosis.
Steps of Meiosis
- Meiosis consists of two sequential divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
- Meiosis I results in the separation of homologous chromosomes, creating 2 daughter cells.
- Meiosis II results in the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in 4 daughter cells.
Key Processes in Meiosis
- Synapsis occurs during prophase I, where homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads.
- Crossing over also happens during prophase I, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.
- Independent assortment refers to the random segregation of chromosomes into gametes, contributing to genetic variability.
Meiosis Phases
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In prophase I, tetrads form and crossing over takes place.
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During metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.
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In anaphase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides.
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Telophase I concludes with the division of the cytoplasm, yielding 2 haploid daughter cells.
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In metaphase II, chromatids line up along the equator, but not in homologous pairs.
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Anaphase II results in the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles.
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Telophase II results in the formation of 4 genetically unique daughter cells, with nuclear membranes reforming and the cytoplasm divided.
Important Terms
- A fertilized egg is called a zygote.
- Mitosis, unlike meiosis, results in diploid cells and is for general cell replication.
- Matching chromosomes are known as homologous chromosomes.
These notes encapsulate essential concepts and terminology related to meiosis, highlighting its critical role in sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on meiosis with this flashcard quiz. Each card will help you learn key terms related to diploid and haploid cells, as well as their functions in the reproductive system. Perfect for students needing a quick review before an exam!
