Biology Meiosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is meiosis?

It is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half throughout the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

What are the two different meiotic divisions called?

Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2.

How many daughter cells are produced that are haploid?

Four

What is a diploid number and what is a haploid number?

A diploid number is a term used for a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. A haploid cell contains only a single set of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the production of egg cells called?

Oogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the production of sperm cells called?

Spermatogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

What are gametes?

Gametes are egg and sperm. Signup and view all the answers

What are tetrads?

Tetrads are the two homologous chromosomes that are attached together, also called synapsis. Signup and view all the answers

Name the different phases of Meiosis 1 in order.

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, and Interkinesis. Signup and view all the answers

Name the different phases of Meiosis 2 in order.

Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, and Cytokinesis. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Prophase 1?

During Prophase 1, each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a tetrad. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Metaphase 1?

During Metaphase 1, spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes align at the equator of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Anaphase 1?

During Anaphase 1, the fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase 1?

During Telophase 1, nuclear membranes form, and the cell separates into two genetically different cells. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Prophase 2?

Nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle forms. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Metaphase 2?

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Anaphase 2?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase 2 and cytokinesis?

The nuclear envelope assembles and chromosomes decondense while cytokinesis divides the cell into two, resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is crossing-over?

Crossing-over means when homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads and they exchange genetic information and portions of their chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic recombination?

Genetic recombination is the result of the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes which produces a new combination of alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What does homologous refer to?

A term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromatids?

A chromatid is one of the two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

One of the numbers of the different forms of a gene. Signup and view all the answers

What are somatic cells?

Body cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meiosis Overview

Meiosis is a reduction division process where chromosome numbers are halved through separation of homologous chromosomes in diploid cells.

Meiotic Divisions

Consists of two distinct phases: Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2.
Results in four haploid daughter cells.

Chromosome Numbers

Diploid cells contain two sets of homologous chromosomes.
Haploid cells feature a single set of chromosomes.

Gamete Production

Oogenesis refers to the formation of egg cells.
Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm cells.
Gametes include both egg and sperm cells.

Tetrads and Synapsis

Tetrads are formed when two homologous chromosomes attach together during meiosis.
This process is also known as synapsis.

Phases of Meiosis 1

Phases include Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, and Interkinesis.
Prophase 1 involves pairing of homologous chromosomes into tetrads.

Phases of Meiosis 2

Consists of Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, and Cytokinesis.
In Metaphase 2, chromosomes align at the cell's equator, while in Anaphase 2, sister chromatids separate.

Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis

The nuclear envelope reassembles, and the chromosome structure condenses.
Cytokinesis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.

Genetic Processes

Crossing-over occurs during tetrad formation, allowing genetic material exchange between homologous chromosomes.
Genetic recombination produces new allele combinations, enhancing genetic diversity.

Chromosomal Terminology

Homologous chromosomes are pairs from opposite-sex parents.
Chromatids are identical sister parts of duplicated chromosomes.
Alleles represent different gene variants.

Somatic Cells

Refers to body cells distinct from gametes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of meiosis with these flashcards. Learn about key concepts such as the two meiotic divisions, the reduction of chromosome numbers, and the production of haploid daughter cells. Perfect for biology students at any level!