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Questions and Answers
What is the first stage of information processing in the motor system?
Which of the following is NOT a component analyzed during the stimulus identification stage?
In which stage of information processing does a performer decide the appropriate response?
What process occurs during the response programming stage?
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Which measurement reflects the time taken before observable muscle activity in reaction time?
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What is reaction time primarily used to assess?
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What does the term 'foreperiod' refer to in the context of reaction time?
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What contribution do lower-level mechanisms, such as the brainstem and spinal cord, make during the information processing stages?
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What effect does increasing the number of stimulus-response pairs have on reaction time according to Hick's Law?
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What is the primary focus of Fitt's Law as established in 1954?
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What phenomenon does Woodworth's study from 1899 illustrate regarding speed and accuracy?
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How does the width of targets influence movement time in Fitts's experiments?
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What effect does movement distance have on the speed of reaction according to the information presented?
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What is the relationship between speed and accuracy as movements become more rapid and continuous?
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In terms of reaction time, what is measured during the choice reaction time paradigm?
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Which of the following statements aligns with the principle of the speed-accuracy trade-off?
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Study Notes
Stages of Information Processing
- Information processing in the motor system occurs in stages: stimulus identification, response selection, and response programming
- This means that the brain processes information in a sequential manner, rather than all at once.
Stimulus Identification Stage
- The stimulus identification stage involves recognizing a stimulus and identifying its features, such as its location, color, size, and direction of movement.
- The brain must choose a response based on the stimulus, drawing information from various sensory modalities such as visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, and olfactory.
Response Selection Stage
- The response selection stage translates the information from the stimulus identification stage into a movement plan.
- This involves deciding what response is appropriate and choosing an appropriate response, based on factors like context and intent.
Response Programming Stage
- The response programming stage retrieves and organizes the plan of action to control the movement, and sends signals to the muscles with the correct timing, force, and direction.
Measuring Reaction Time (RT)
- Reaction time (RT) is the time between a stimulus onset and the initiation of a response.
- It is measured using a warning signal, a "go" signal, and the initiation and termination of the movement.
- The time between the go signal and movement initiation is the reaction time.
Components of Reaction Time
- Reaction time can further be broken down into pre-motor time and motor time.
- Pre-motor time: This is the time between the "go" signal and the beginning of muscle activity.
- Motor time: This is the time between the beginning of muscle activity and the observable movement.
Types of Reaction Time Paradigms
- There are three main types of reaction time paradigms: simple RT, choice RT, and discrimination RT.
- Simple RT: A single stimulus elicits a single response.
- Choice RT: Multiple stimuli are presented but only one stimulus requires a response.
- Discrimination RT: Multiple stimuli are presented but only a specific stimulus requires a response.
Factors Influencing Reaction Time
- One factor that can affect reaction time is the number of stimulus–response alternatives.
- More alternatives lead to increased reaction time, according to Hick's Law.
- The greater the number of possible stimuli, the longer the reaction time.
Speed-Accuracy Trade-off
- There is a trade-off between speed and accuracy in movement.
- Faster movements tend to be less accurate, and slower movements tend to be more accurate.
- This relationship is described by Fitts' Law, which states that the time to move to a target is influenced by the size of the target and the distance to the target.
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Description
This quiz explores the stages of information processing in the motor system, focusing on stimulus identification, response selection, and response programming. Each stage plays a crucial role in how the brain processes information sequentially, affecting how we respond to stimuli in our environment.
