Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dysarthria?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dysarthria?
- Altered prosody
- Impaired articulation
- Difficulty with respiration
- Inability to understand spoken language (correct)
Apraxia primarily affects articulation and prosody.
Apraxia primarily affects articulation and prosody.
True (A)
What is the primary difference between dysarthria and apraxia?
What is the primary difference between dysarthria and apraxia?
Dysarthria involves impaired muscle control of speech mechanisms, leading to disordered speech production. Apraxia, on the other hand, involves difficulty planning and sequencing the movements for speech production.
The term "______" refers to a specific type of speech disorder caused by abnormal functioning of the motor system that controls speech production.
The term "______" refers to a specific type of speech disorder caused by abnormal functioning of the motor system that controls speech production.
Match the historical periods with their corresponding contributions to understanding speech disorders:
Match the historical periods with their corresponding contributions to understanding speech disorders:
What is the root meaning of "dysarthria"?
What is the root meaning of "dysarthria"?
Early medical writers in ancient times were not as advanced in their approach to medicine as modern physicians.
Early medical writers in ancient times were not as advanced in their approach to medicine as modern physicians.
Who is credited with the first accurate description of apraxia of speech?
Who is credited with the first accurate description of apraxia of speech?
Which type of motor speech disorder primarily affects the ability to smoothly sequence speech-producing movements?
Which type of motor speech disorder primarily affects the ability to smoothly sequence speech-producing movements?
Dysarthria can affect articulation, respiration, prosody, resonance, and phonation.
Dysarthria can affect articulation, respiration, prosody, resonance, and phonation.
What does the term 'apraxia' refer to in the context of speech disorders?
What does the term 'apraxia' refer to in the context of speech disorders?
Dysarthria is a collection of speech production deficits caused by __________ functioning of the motor system.
Dysarthria is a collection of speech production deficits caused by __________ functioning of the motor system.
Match the following historical figures with their contributions to speech disorders:
Match the following historical figures with their contributions to speech disorders:
Which of the following descriptions is associated with ancient medical writers?
Which of the following descriptions is associated with ancient medical writers?
Motor speech disorders only encompass dysarthria.
Motor speech disorders only encompass dysarthria.
Which medical era saw more specific descriptions of speech disorders, including terms like 'shaking palsy'?
Which medical era saw more specific descriptions of speech disorders, including terms like 'shaking palsy'?
Flashcards
Motor Speech Disorders
Motor Speech Disorders
Speech production deficits due to abnormal motor function.
Dysarthria
Dysarthria
Impaired speech production from muscular control disturbances.
Types of Dysarthria
Types of Dysarthria
Seven subtypes of dysarthria affecting various speech aspects.
Apraxia
Apraxia
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Articulation
Articulation
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Prosody
Prosody
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Historical Case Reports
Historical Case Reports
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Liepmann's Apraxia Description
Liepmann's Apraxia Description
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Motor system
Motor system
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Speech production deficits
Speech production deficits
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Dysarthria characteristics
Dysarthria characteristics
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Apraxia characteristics
Apraxia characteristics
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Neuroanatomical aspect of speech
Neuroanatomical aspect of speech
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Hippocratic Corpus
Hippocratic Corpus
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Bernard of Gordon's observation
Bernard of Gordon's observation
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Wernicke's oral apraxia
Wernicke's oral apraxia
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Study Notes
Motor Speech Disorders
- Motor system controls motor movements
- Speech is communication using vocal symbols (physical production)
- Disorders are abnormalities of function
Motor Speech Disorders (continued)
- Collection of speech production deficits caused by abnormal motor system functioning
- Seven types of dysarthria and one type of apraxia
Dysarthria
- Impaired speech production due to disturbances in muscular control of speech mechanism
- "Disordered utterance"
- Dys (disordered) and arthria (Greek for "to utter distinctly")
- Can affect articulation, respiration, prosody, resonance, and phonation
- Misconception: slurred speech is a key characteristic
Apraxia
- Deficit in smoothly sequencing speech-producing movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other parts of the speech mechanism
- A (absence of) and praxia (Greek for "performance of action")
- Primarily affects articulation and prosody
- Often occurs with left hemisphere brain damage
Historical Review
- Examining early reports helps understanding historical context
- Many ancient medical writers used a modern approach
- Taking an analytical approach to medicine
Case Reports from Ancient Greece
- Earliest written accounts of speech and language disorders are in the Hippocratic Corpus
- Descriptions include: speechlessness of tongue, recovered use of tongue, or paralysis of the tongue
Case Reports from the Middle Ages and Renaissance
- Descriptions from case reports include: omitting and adding syllables, speech attempts filled with a child's babble
Two Early Theories on the Localization of Reason
- Four cerebral ventricles (ancient times to 16th century)
- Meninges-controlled senses and movement
From the Nineteenth Century to Today
- Case reports and medical descriptions became more precise in the 1800s
- Descriptions included "shaking palsy" and "slow drawling manner"
From the Nineteenth Century to Today (continued)
- Liepmann accurately described apraxia of speech in 1900
- Wernicke described nonverbal oral apraxia in 1906
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