Apraxia Across the Lifespan

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of apraxia?

What percentage of motor speech disorders (MSDs) does apraxia make up?

Which term refers to a group of neurologic speech disorders resulting from abnormalities in movements required for control of speech production?

What type of movements are characteristic of dysarthria?

What is a common pathophysiologic disturbance associated with dysarthria?

Which term refers to an atypical production of speech sounds that may interfere with intelligibility?

What is the main characteristic of Apraxia of Speech (AOS) as described in the text?

What distinguishes Apraxia of Speech (AOS) from a developmental delay of speech?

Which types of neurological conditions can contribute to Apraxia of Speech?

How does the text describe the prognosis for functional recovery in patients with Apraxia of Speech?

What is one distinguishing factor between Acquired Apraxia of Speech (AOS) and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?

What does the text recommend regarding the timing of therapy initiation for patients with Apraxia of Speech?

What is the most challenging for apraxics to produce?

What is a technique that involves teaching patients to sing words or phrases set to simple melodies?

Which therapy tool was initially developed for severe non-fluent aphasia but is now also used for apraxics?

What type of blends are known to be challenging for speech production?

What does the Kaufman Speech Praxis Kit involve starting at?

What distinguishes oral apraxia from other speech disorders?

Which of the following tasks is NOT mentioned as part of the Motor Speech Evaluation?

What is a common feature observed in speakers with apraxia according to the text?

Which disorder may require provisional diagnostic classification if signs are consistent but CAS cannot be ruled out?

What type of errors are typically demonstrated by individuals with apraxia?

What should be addressed first if it significantly impacts communication, before starting apraxia-based therapy?

Which of the following is NOT included in the Apraxia Battery for Adults (ABA-2) test?

What characteristic is used to differentiate between Apraxia of Speech (AOS) and Oral Apraxia?

What type of assessment tasks are particularly challenging for individuals with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) or AOS?

What is a common early indicator of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?

Why do individuals with Apraxia of Speech (AOS) often perform better on tasks in isolation?

Which symptom is a red flag for Apraxia of Speech (AOS) when comparing different types of oral movements?

Which characteristic is likely to be seen in children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) regarding babbling?

What is a distinct feature of Apraxia of Speech (AOS) related to errors in vowel production?

Which characteristic distinguishes Atypical Voice Quality in individuals with Apraxia or AOS?

Why do individuals with Apraxia often have difficulty with Diadochokinetic activities?

What causes individuals with Apraxia to have poor labial pressure when speaking?

What symptom is a key diagnostic factor for Apraxia?

Why might children with Apraxia have limited expressive language despite higher receptive language skills?

What is the recommended frequency for therapy sessions for children with apraxia of speech?

Which resource is specifically recommended for apraxia treatment in preschoolers?

What is the ideal duration for each therapy session for children with apraxia as per the 'Perfect World Clinical Model'?

Why does the text suggest that individual therapy is preferable over group therapy for clients with apraxia of speech?

Which statement aligns with the ASHA Position Statement regarding habilitation of children with developmental apraxia of speech?

Why does the text recommend five short therapy sessions per week rather than two longer sessions?

What characteristic makes children with apraxia have difficulty 'locking in' motor sequencing movements needed for speech?

How many times per week are children recommended to attend therapy sessions for consistent progress based on the text?

What distinguishes traditional methods from the reason behind apraxia resistance according to the text?

Dysarthria is a neurological motor speech disorder characterized by fast movements of the speech musculature.

Apraxia accounts for 8% of Motor Speech Disorders (MSDs).

Articulation disorder refers to the typical production of speech sounds that enhances intelligibility.

Phonological disorder involves a mental operation that substitutes sounds or sound sequences causing difficulty in speech production.

Individuals with Apraxia often struggle with locking in motor sequencing needed for speech.

Apraxia is mainly caused by abnormalities in respiratory control during speech production.

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is a speech disorder caused by weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles.

Acquired Apraxia of Speech (AOS) typically occurs in children from birth.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a congenital speech disorder neurological in nature.

Apraxia of Speech can coexist with muscle weakness affecting speech production (dysphagia).

Patients who begin treatment for Apraxia of Speech within one week of onset tend to have better therapeutic gains.

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is often caused by a developmental delay in speech production.

Oral apraxia is characterized by difficulty in using speech musculature for non-speech acts only.

Apraxia isolated in the oral cavity can never co-occur with AOS.

Apraxia Battery for Adults (ABA-2) test includes tasks to measure the severity of dysarthria.

Individuals with apraxia may show awareness of articulatory errors and feel frustrated with speech.

Apraxia speakers demonstrate errors like repetitions and prolongations but never substitutions.

Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) typically have higher expressive language skills than receptive language skills.

Apraxia Battery for Adults (ABA-2) test does not include a subtest for limb and oral apraxia.

In Apraxia of Speech, disturbances in prosody reflect precise articulation.

'Automatic and well-rehearsed utterances can be produced without error' aligns with a key characteristic of Apraxia.

Apraxia Treatment always starts with addressing apraxia-based therapy before any other factors.

It is recommended to start apraxia treatment with the mastery of individual consonant phonemes.

Consonant clusters are easier for apraxic patients to produce than single consonants.

Apraxics may find it easier to produce vowels in isolation compared to blends.

In the Kaufman Speech Praxis Kit, the syllable hierarchy begins with complex bisyllabics.

Melodic Intonation Therapy developed by Sparks and Holland is primarily used for the treatment of dysarthria.

Elongating a vowel can assist in enhancing auditory awareness and providing a prolonged visual cue.

Complex Consonant Production includes sounds like /p, t, k, b/.

The technique of Blend Synthesis involves vowel to consonant to vowel sequencing.

In the context of treatment goals, Long Term Goals focus on non-phoneme specific syllable shapes.

'Simple Phonemic/Syllabic Level' in the syllable hierarchy includes vowels in isolation and simple consonants.

Poor labial pressure is a common characteristic seen in Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

Vowel errors are commonly observed in individuals with apraxia and dysarthria.

Atypical voice quality is not a distinguishing characteristic of Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

'Flat affect' in speech is commonly observed in individuals with Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

Children with Apraxia typically have expressive language skills that are markedly higher than their receptive language skills.

Neuropathway memory approach is associated with habilitation rather than rehabilitation for Apraxia of Speech (AOS).

Groping and posturing motions are typically avoided by individuals with Apraxia of Speech (AOS) when executing speech sounds.

Children with Apraxia tend to perform better on tasks in isolation due to the simplicity of the tasks.

Inconsistent errors are not a key diagnostic factor for Apraxia.

'Limited consonant/vowel repertoire' is not a common characteristic observed in children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS).

In the Phoneme specific goal, the client may have more accuracy in the initial position of an utterance.

Research shows that patients achieve higher success when they receive infrequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment.

According to the ASHA Position Statement, the frequency of professional speech assistance is not critical in the habilitation of children with developmental apraxia of speech.

In a perfect world clinical model, the recommended therapy session duration is 30 minutes.

The Kaufman Speech Praxis Workout Book is specifically recommended for vocabulary building in children with apraxia.

Children with apraxia do not require daily practice for consistent progress, according to Shelley Velleman.

Individual therapy for clients with apraxia is not supported by an overwhelming body of evidence for achieving the best results.

Group therapy is more effective than individual therapy for clients with apraxia of speech, according to Rosenbek.

Edythe Strand's Childhood Motor Speech Disorder Treatment advocates for infrequent and inconsistent therapy sessions for apraxia patients.

Traditional methods of treatment are more effective for individuals with apraxia when compared to frequent motor practice.

Individuals with verbal apraxia often have difficulty pronouncing multi-syllable words or words with complex phonemic combinations

Individuals with apraxia have reduced oral motor strength.

Individuals with apaxia may speak with impaired prosody, monotone quality, and/or with equal emphasis across syllables and words

WHy is it important to correctly classify dysarthria? Chose all that apply.

An adult patient comes to you in a wheelchair for an evaluation. She has no use of her left leg or arm. Oral motor exam reveals left-sided facial asymmetry, slow and imprecise SMR and AMR, as well as breathy weak voice. In speech tasks, she presents with slow rate of speech, consistently slurred production of bilateral, alveolar, fricative, and affricate consonants. These errors are consistent across single syllable production, single word reading, automatic speech tasks, and in running speech. Intelligibility is approximately 70% in single word level, and 60% in conversation, the diagnosis is:

An adult patient comes to you for an evaluation. Oral motor exam was limited, as the patient was unable to follow directions like “stick out your tongue” or “smile”. Spontaneous symmetrical smile noted when patient first walked in but was unable to reproduce on command. Automatic speech tasks were 100% intelligible, however, when completing confrontation naming taks and sentence repepition, sound distortions were noted throughout with slow, effortful speech and intermittent groping movment of the lips. Patient was visibly frustrated by his errors. The likely diagnosis is:

Match the words to their definition: intelligibility, comprehensibility

Indicate which area of the brain is likely to be damaged in an individual with acquired apraxia of speech.

Apraxia of speech results from a breakdown in which 2 steps of speech control?

Which are standardized assessment tools that can be used for the evaluation of motor speech disorders?

The administration of AMR/SMR would be a more important assessment task than mean phonation time for individuals with suspected apraxia of speech.

Mean phonation time is one of the essential components of MSD testing

During an MSD assessment, individuals with apraxia are unaware of the errors and do not attempt to self-correct.

Apraxia of speech can be acquired or developmental.