Motor Speech Disorders PDF

Motor Speech Disorders Motor: part of motor system that controls motor movements Speech: communication through use of vocal symbols (physical production) Disorders: abnormality of function  Motor Speech Disorders (cont’d.) A collection of speech production deficits caused by abno...

Motor Speech Disorders Motor: part of motor system that controls motor movements Speech: communication through use of vocal symbols (physical production) Disorders: abnormality of function  Motor Speech Disorders (cont’d.) A collection of speech production deficits caused by abnormal functioning of the motor system – Consists of seven types of dysarthria and one type of apraxia  Dysarthria Impaired production of speech due to disturbances in muscular control of speech mechanism – “Disordered utterance” Dys (disordered/abnormal) and arthria (Greek arthroun = to utter distinctly) – Misconception: someone with slurred speech – Can affect articulation, respiration, prosody, resonance, and phonation  Apraxia Deficit in the ability to smoothly sequence the speech-producing movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other parts of the speech mechanism – A (absence of) and praxia (Greek praxis = performance of action) – Primarily affects articulation and prosody – Occurs frequently when the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged  Historical Review Examining early reports is valuable part of understanding historical context Many ancient medical writers were “modern” Taking analytical approach to medicine  Case Reports from Ancient Greece Some of earliest written accounts of speech and language disorders appear in Hippocratic Corpus Descriptions found in these writings: – “Speechlessness” – “Recovered use of tongue” – “Tongue was paralyzed”  Case Reports from the Middle Ages and Renaissance Descriptions found in case reports: – “Omitted and added syllables to their speech” (Bernard of Gordon) – Speech attempts filled with child’s babble (Lanfranc)  Two Early Theories on the Localization of Reason Four cerebral ventricles (ancient times to 16th century) Meninges-controlled senses and movement  From the Nineteenth Century to Today 1800s: case reports and medical descriptions become more specific Descriptions include: – “Shaking palsy” – “Slow drawling manner”  From the Nineteenth Century to Today (cont’d.) Liepmann first accurately describes apraxia of speech in 1900 Wernicke describes nonverbal oral apraxia in 1906