Diagnostics Review
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Questions and Answers

What is a key difference between stuttering and cluttering?

  • People who stutter are usually unaware of their disfluencies.
  • Stuttering always involves adding extra sounds.
  • People who clutter typically have normal speech rates.
  • People clutter often have articulation problems. (correct)

    • People who stutter generally feel self-conscious about their speech disfluencies.

    True

    What effect does concentration typically have on stuttering?

    It increases disfluency.

    People who clutter tend to speak at a ________ rate.

    <p>rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Stuttering = Awareness of speech disfluencies and normal speech rate Cluttering = Unawareness of speech disfluencies and rapid speech Disfluencies = Interruptions in speech flow Articulation issues = Problems with producing specific sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Stuttering does not involve issues with articulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with cluttering can sometimes reduce their disfluencies through concentration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of repetitions do individuals with cluttering tend to show?

    <p>Word or phrase repetitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals seeking speech therapy do not require a formal diagnosis before starting treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four key parameters assessed during a voice evaluation?

    <p>Pitch, loudness, quality, and vocal tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In speech therapy, progress is monitored __________.

    <p>regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of children's storytelling with the corresponding age:

    <p>Heap Stage = 2 years Sequences = 3 years Primitive Narratives = 4 years Focused Chain = 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diplophonia?

    <p>Hearing two pitches at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocal tension can indicate an organic voice disorder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Type-Token Ratio (TTR) in relation to children's language development?

    <p>TTR is the ratio of different words to the total number of words used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Therapy eligibility is determined based on the severity of the __________.

    <p>issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following voice parameters with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Pitch = Highness or lowness of voice Loudness = Volume of voice Quality = Clarity of voice Vocal Tension = Strain in voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of narrative can a child typically tell by age 5?

    <p>Fully developed stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hoarseness in a voice could indicate issues with nasality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in speech therapy?

    <p>Diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The assessment of voice quality includes checking for __________ or breathiness.

    <p>hoarseness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age stage involves children linking events but sometimes getting distracted?

    <p>Unfocused Chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical clearance is not essential before conducting a voice evaluation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about stuttering?

    <p>Individuals are often self-aware of their disfluencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with cluttering tend to be aware of their disfluencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to happen to the speech of people who stutter under stress?

    <p>Their speech becomes more disfluent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cluttering often involves excessive ________ in speech.

    <p>speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of cluttering?

    <p>Individuals are often not aware of their speech issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following speech disorder characteristics with the correct disorder:

    <p>Stuttering = Awareness of disfluencies and normal speech rate Cluttering = Rapid speech with possible articulation problems Both = Involves repetitions and disruptions in speech Neither = Articulation problems are always present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cluttering involves more repetitions of sounds rather than phrases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can concentration affect individuals with cluttering?

    <p>Concentration can sometimes help reduce cluttering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when assessing a person's voice in a voice evaluation?

    <p>Pitch, loudness, quality, and vocal tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with cluttering are often aware of their speech difficulties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What name is given to the phenomenon where two pitches are heard simultaneously?

    <p>diplophonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loudness of a voice is measured in ________.

    <p>decibels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of narrative development with their respective age:

    <p>Heap Stage = 2 years Sequences = 3 years Primitive Narratives = 4 years Complete Narrative = 5 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of narrative development involves children creating stories with a clear beginning, middle, and end?

    <p>Focused Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocal tension can indicate whether a voice disorder is organic or functional.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes uncontrolled variation in the loudness of someone's voice?

    <p>tremulousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progress in speech therapy is monitored to ensure therapy is __________.

    <p>effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following voice qualities with their descriptions:

    <p>Hoarse = Raspy and unclear voice Breathy = Excess air with low volume Harsh = Strained and unpleasant tone Hypernasal = Excessive nasal resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is assessed to see if a person has high or low pitch?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in speech therapy is determining eligibility for treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of obtaining medical clearance before a voice evaluation?

    <p>To ensure associated medical conditions are treated properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Type-Token Ratio (TTR) measures the diversity of a child's ________.

    <p>vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'Heaps' stage of narrative development?

    <p>Sentences are descriptive but not connected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children generally begin to use 'Focused chains' in their narratives?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which narrative stage is described by a lack of central theme and some cause-and-effect links?

    <p>Unfocused chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the 'Narratives' stage from earlier stages?

    <p>Development of a central theme over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding 'Primitive narratives' in children's storytelling?

    <p>They have a theme but lack full detail in events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stuttering vs. Cluttering

    • Stuttering and cluttering are both speech disfluencies, but they differ in how they manifest.
    • Individuals who stutter generally feel self-conscious about their speech disfluencies.
    • Concentration typically has a negative effect on stuttering, making it more severe.
    • People who clutter tend to speak at a fast rate.

    Understanding Key Concepts

    • Cluttering: A speech disorder characterized by rapid, irregular, and often unintelligible speech.
    • Stuttering: A speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words.

    Disfluencies and Speech Therapy

    • People with cluttering can sometimes reduce their disfluencies through concentration, unlike those who stutter.
    • Individuals with cluttering tend to show word repetitions, rather than sound or syllable repetitions, which are more common in stuttering.
    • Individuals seeking speech therapy do not require a formal diagnosis before starting treatment.

    Voice Evaluation

    • Four key parameters assessed during a voice evaluation are:
      • Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice
      • Loudness: The intensity of the voice
      • Quality: The overall sound of the voice
      • Resonance: The way the voice sounds in the vocal tract
    • In speech therapy, progress is monitored continuously to ensure effective treatment.

    Stages of Children's Storytelling

    • 2-3 years old: Children string together words but lack a clear story structure.
    • 3-4 years old: Children link events but sometimes get distracted.
    • 4-5 years old: Children tell a simple chain of events with beginnings and endings but lacking elaboration.
    • 5-7 years old: Children create stories with a beginning, middle, and end, though they may not contain a clear story thread.

    Voice Disorders

    • Diplophonia: A condition where two pitches are heard simultaneously, creating a "double voice" effect.
    • Vocal tension can indicate an organic voice disorder, but it can also be a symptom of functional voice disorders.

    Type-Token Ratio (TTR) and Language Development

    • Type-Token Ratio (TTR), a measure of lexical diversity, reflects the variety of words a child uses in their language.

    Therapy Eligibility and Voice Parameters

    • Therapy eligibility is determined based on the severity of the disfluencies or vocal issues.
    • The loudness of a voice is measured in decibels (dB).

    Narrative Development and Assessing Voice Quality

    • A child can typically tell a chain of events narrative by age 5.
    • Hoarseness in a voice could indicate issues with nasality.
    • The first step in speech therapy is assessment.
    • The assessment of voice quality includes checking for hoarseness or breathiness.
    • Medical clearance is not essential before conducting a voice evaluation but is recommended to rule out underlying medical conditions.

    Stuttering and Cluttering: Key Differences

    • People with stuttering tend to be aware of their disfluencies, while those with cluttering are less aware.
    • Under stress, the speech of people who stutter tends to become more disfluent.
    • Cluttering often involves excessive speed in speech.
    • A common characteristic of cluttering is the production of unintelligible speech due to rapid speech rate.

    Characteristics of Speech Disorders

    • Stuttering: Repetitions (sounds, syllables, words), prolongations, blocks.
    • Cluttering: Rapid speech, disorganized speech, reduced clarity, repetition of words or phrases (rather than sounds).

    Cluttering and Concentration

    • Concentration can improve the speech of individuals with cluttering by helping them slow down and be more deliberate.
    • Individuals with cluttering are often aware of their speech difficulties.

    Voice Evaluation: Focus

    • The primary focus when assessing a person's voice in a voice evaluation is to determine the underlying cause of any voice disorders.

    Diplophonia and Voice Measurement

    • Diplophonia is also known as double voice.
    • The loudness of a voice is measured in decibels (dB).

    Stages of Narrative Development: Age and Structure

    • 2-3 years old: Children string together words but lack a clear story structure.
    • 3-4 years old: Children link events but sometimes get distracted.
    • 4-5 years old: Children tell a simple chain of events with beginnings and endings but lacking elaboration.
    • 5-7 years old: Children create stories with a beginning, middle, and end, though they may not contain a clear story thread.

    Vocal Tension and Voice Quality

    • Vocal tension can indicate whether a voice disorder is organic (caused by a physical problem) or functional (caused by misuse or abuse of the voice).
    • Voice range: The highness or lowness of a person's voice.

    Speech Therapy: Monitoring Progress

    • Uncontrolled variation in loudness: When a person's voice fluctuates in loudness without intention.
    • Progress in speech therapy is monitored to ensure therapy is effective and addresses the individual's needs.

    Voice Qualities and Assessments

    • Pitch: Determined by assessing the frequency of sound waves produced by vocal cords.
    • Vocal pitch: Determined by assessing the vibration of vocal cords.
    • The first step in speech therapy is determining eligibility for treatment.
    • Obtaining medical clearance before a voice evaluation is important to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to voice problems.

    Type-Token Ratio (TTR) and Language Development

    • The Type-Token Ratio (TTR) measures the diversity of a child's vocabulary.

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    Description

    Explore the distinctions between stuttering and cluttering, along with the essential processes in speech therapy. This quiz covers diagnosis, treatment plans, and voice evaluation parameters. Understand how these elements contribute to effective speech-language pathology.

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