Podcast
Questions and Answers
A child who says things like kek/tek shows that she is using the pattern of:
A child who says things like kek/tek shows that she is using the pattern of:
- Alveolar assimilation
- Coalescence
- Velar assimilation (correct)
- Segmentation
The malleus, incus, and stapes form the:
The malleus, incus, and stapes form the:
- Tensor tympani
- Stapedius muscle
- Ossicular chain (correct)
- Tympanic membrane
Which of the following is a middle ear disorder?
Which of the following is a middle ear disorder?
- Presbycusis
- Meniere's disease
- Tinnitus
- Otitis media (correct)
If you were to treat Justin, a highly unintelligible 4-year-old boy with difficulties producing /w/, /t/, /d/, and /th/, your first target sound in therapy would be:
If you were to treat Justin, a highly unintelligible 4-year-old boy with difficulties producing /w/, /t/, /d/, and /th/, your first target sound in therapy would be:
When a child says things like /ko/ instead of /so/, she is demonstrating the pattern of:
When a child says things like /ko/ instead of /so/, she is demonstrating the pattern of:
When carcinoma affects the cricoid and trachea, the damage is:
When carcinoma affects the cricoid and trachea, the damage is:
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
A regionally or socially distinct variety of a language identified by a distinct set of words and structures is called:
A regionally or socially distinct variety of a language identified by a distinct set of words and structures is called:
Damage to the cerebellum may cause a movement disorder called:
Damage to the cerebellum may cause a movement disorder called:
You are working with a 72-year-old patient, Grace, who has difficulty paying attention and responding accurately. She most likely has:
You are working with a 72-year-old patient, Grace, who has difficulty paying attention and responding accurately. She most likely has:
A girl named Suzanne displays symptoms of hypotonia and excessive eating. She likely has:
A girl named Suzanne displays symptoms of hypotonia and excessive eating. She likely has:
When the stapes is permanently removed and replaced with a prosthesis, the procedure is called a:
When the stapes is permanently removed and replaced with a prosthesis, the procedure is called a:
For some persons who stutter, disfluencies tend to occur in clusters more often than would be expected by chance. This phenomenon is called the:
For some persons who stutter, disfluencies tend to occur in clusters more often than would be expected by chance. This phenomenon is called the:
What are glides?
What are glides?
You are working with a client who has Parkinson's and is trying to help her intonation become more varied. You are employing the technique of:
You are working with a client who has Parkinson's and is trying to help her intonation become more varied. You are employing the technique of:
Patients who exhibit __________ have difficulty making nonspeech sounds, and cannot move the muscles of the throat, soft palate, and tongue for nonspeech purposes:
Patients who exhibit __________ have difficulty making nonspeech sounds, and cannot move the muscles of the throat, soft palate, and tongue for nonspeech purposes:
Examples of secondary stuttering include:
Examples of secondary stuttering include:
In therapy, you decide to use minimal pairs to increase a child's intelligibility. Which one of the following is NOT a minimal pair?
In therapy, you decide to use minimal pairs to increase a child's intelligibility. Which one of the following is NOT a minimal pair?
Soua and his family have immigrated to the U.S. from Laos; he is 7 years old and speaks Hmong. Soua will qualify for language therapy if he:
Soua and his family have immigrated to the U.S. from Laos; he is 7 years old and speaks Hmong. Soua will qualify for language therapy if he:
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
Disorders of the _______________ result in rigidity, jerky and purposeless movements (chorea), and slow writhing, snakelike movements (athetosis):
Disorders of the _______________ result in rigidity, jerky and purposeless movements (chorea), and slow writhing, snakelike movements (athetosis):
You are working in an early intervention program, doing language therapy with Noah, a nonverbal 2-year-old. What will you prioritize when you select target vocabulary words for him?
You are working in an early intervention program, doing language therapy with Noah, a nonverbal 2-year-old. What will you prioritize when you select target vocabulary words for him?
A 10-year-old with specific language impairment would most likely show which characteristic?
A 10-year-old with specific language impairment would most likely show which characteristic?
A father brings his 4-year-old daughter, Danielle, to you, and is concerned about her speech. A 4-year-old child should be:
A father brings his 4-year-old daughter, Danielle, to you, and is concerned about her speech. A 4-year-old child should be:
Children do not combine words until they have at least ____ words in their expressive vocabulary.
Children do not combine words until they have at least ____ words in their expressive vocabulary.
Contact ulcers may be caused by all of the following except:
Contact ulcers may be caused by all of the following except:
You hear Luis, a kindergartener from Mexico, saying various phrases in both Spanish and English. It is clear that Luis:
You hear Luis, a kindergartener from Mexico, saying various phrases in both Spanish and English. It is clear that Luis:
Flashcards
Velar Assimilation
Velar Assimilation
A phonological process where a child replaces sounds with a velar consonant (like "k" or "g") to match the preceding sound, resulting in examples like "kek" for "tek".
Ossicular Chain
Ossicular Chain
The chain of three tiny bones in the middle ear - the malleus, incus, and stapes - that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
Otitis Media
Otitis Media
A common middle ear infection, often causing pain and hearing loss.
Least Phonological Knowledge Approach
Least Phonological Knowledge Approach
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Backing
Backing
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Coalescence
Coalescence
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Epenthesis
Epenthesis
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Minimal Pairs
Minimal Pairs
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Subglottic Carcinoma
Subglottic Carcinoma
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Early Alzheimer's
Early Alzheimer's
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Cognitive Communication Disorders
Cognitive Communication Disorders
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Prader-Willi Syndrome
Prader-Willi Syndrome
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Oral Apraxia
Oral Apraxia
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Basal Ganglia Conditions
Basal Ganglia Conditions
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Codeswitching
Codeswitching
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Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
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Ecological Validity
Ecological Validity
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90-100% Intelligibility
90-100% Intelligibility
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Two-Word Combinations
Two-Word Combinations
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Negative Practice
Negative Practice
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Bilingual Language Assessment
Bilingual Language Assessment
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Study Notes
Speech and Language Disorders
- Velar assimilation occurs when children replace sounds to more closely match the velar consonants, shown by examples like kek/tek.
- The ossicular chain consists of three tiny bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes, which play a vital role in hearing.
- Otitis media is the most common middle ear disorder, often leading to pain and hearing loss.
- In speech therapy, targeting /th/ as the first sound for a child with multiple articulation difficulties follows the least phonological knowledge approach.
Phonological Patterns
- Backing is demonstrated when a child substitutes sounds, such as /ko/ instead of /so/.
- Coalescence occurs when a child merges two phonemes into one sound.
- Epenthesis involves adding an extra sound, often simplifying the articulation process.
- Understanding minimal pairs is essential in phonological therapy to discern sound changes; for example, "mud-moon" does not form a minimal pair.
Neurological and Cognitive Conditions
- Subglottic carcinoma affects the cricoid and tracheal areas, indicating a specific location of cancer.
- Early Alzheimer's patients often show more cognitive than language problems, impacting communication abilities.
- Cognitive communication disorders are characterized by difficulties in conversation and memory impacts, evident in patients like Grace.
Syndromes and Conditions
- Prader-Willi Syndrome presents with hypotonia, intellectual disabilities, and excessive eating habits, leading to weight concerns.
- Oral apraxia affects the ability to perform nonspeech movements, restricting muscle function for actions like swallowing and speaking.
- Conditions of the basal ganglia cause involuntary movements like chorea and athetosis, affecting motor control.
Language Acquisition and Bilingualism
- Bilingual children may demonstrate codeswitching, a normal behavior switching between languages, as seen in Luis's playground interactions.
- Specific language impairment in a 10-year-old may manifest as difficulties with figurative language despite acceptable social skills.
- To facilitate language development, select target vocabulary with ecological validity, resonating with the child’s experiences.
Developmental Milestones
- A 4-year-old child should be 90-100% intelligible, a critical factor for social integration and communication effectiveness.
- Children typically begin using two-word combinations once they have at least 50 words in their expressive vocabulary, highlighting a significant milestone in language development.
Therapy Techniques and Assessment
- Negative practice involves clients repeating undesirable speech patterns to increase awareness, aiding in speech therapy.
- Evaluating language skills in bilingual children requires understanding their proficiency in both languages to determine the need for therapy.
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