Questions and Answers
A child who says things like kek/tek shows that she is using the pattern of:
The malleus, incus, and stapes form the:
Which of the following is a middle ear disorder?
If you were to treat Justin, a highly unintelligible 4-year-old boy with difficulties producing /w/, /t/, /d/, and /th/, your first target sound in therapy would be:
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When a child says things like /ko/ instead of /so/, she is demonstrating the pattern of:
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When carcinoma affects the cricoid and trachea, the damage is:
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In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
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A regionally or socially distinct variety of a language identified by a distinct set of words and structures is called:
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Damage to the cerebellum may cause a movement disorder called:
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You are working with a 72-year-old patient, Grace, who has difficulty paying attention and responding accurately. She most likely has:
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A girl named Suzanne displays symptoms of hypotonia and excessive eating. She likely has:
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When the stapes is permanently removed and replaced with a prosthesis, the procedure is called a:
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For some persons who stutter, disfluencies tend to occur in clusters more often than would be expected by chance. This phenomenon is called the:
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What are glides?
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You are working with a client who has Parkinson's and is trying to help her intonation become more varied. You are employing the technique of:
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Patients who exhibit __________ have difficulty making nonspeech sounds, and cannot move the muscles of the throat, soft palate, and tongue for nonspeech purposes:
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Examples of secondary stuttering include:
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In therapy, you decide to use minimal pairs to increase a child's intelligibility. Which one of the following is NOT a minimal pair?
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Soua and his family have immigrated to the U.S. from Laos; he is 7 years old and speaks Hmong. Soua will qualify for language therapy if he:
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In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the patient has more:
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Disorders of the _______________ result in rigidity, jerky and purposeless movements (chorea), and slow writhing, snakelike movements (athetosis):
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You are working in an early intervention program, doing language therapy with Noah, a nonverbal 2-year-old. What will you prioritize when you select target vocabulary words for him?
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A 10-year-old with specific language impairment would most likely show which characteristic?
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A father brings his 4-year-old daughter, Danielle, to you, and is concerned about her speech. A 4-year-old child should be:
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Children do not combine words until they have at least ____ words in their expressive vocabulary.
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Contact ulcers may be caused by all of the following except:
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You hear Luis, a kindergartener from Mexico, saying various phrases in both Spanish and English. It is clear that Luis:
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Study Notes
Speech and Language Disorders
- Velar assimilation occurs when children replace sounds to more closely match the velar consonants, shown by examples like kek/tek.
- The ossicular chain consists of three tiny bones in the middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes, which play a vital role in hearing.
- Otitis media is the most common middle ear disorder, often leading to pain and hearing loss.
- In speech therapy, targeting /th/ as the first sound for a child with multiple articulation difficulties follows the least phonological knowledge approach.
Phonological Patterns
- Backing is demonstrated when a child substitutes sounds, such as /ko/ instead of /so/.
- Coalescence occurs when a child merges two phonemes into one sound.
- Epenthesis involves adding an extra sound, often simplifying the articulation process.
- Understanding minimal pairs is essential in phonological therapy to discern sound changes; for example, "mud-moon" does not form a minimal pair.
Neurological and Cognitive Conditions
- Subglottic carcinoma affects the cricoid and tracheal areas, indicating a specific location of cancer.
- Early Alzheimer's patients often show more cognitive than language problems, impacting communication abilities.
- Cognitive communication disorders are characterized by difficulties in conversation and memory impacts, evident in patients like Grace.
Syndromes and Conditions
- Prader-Willi Syndrome presents with hypotonia, intellectual disabilities, and excessive eating habits, leading to weight concerns.
- Oral apraxia affects the ability to perform nonspeech movements, restricting muscle function for actions like swallowing and speaking.
- Conditions of the basal ganglia cause involuntary movements like chorea and athetosis, affecting motor control.
Language Acquisition and Bilingualism
- Bilingual children may demonstrate codeswitching, a normal behavior switching between languages, as seen in Luis's playground interactions.
- Specific language impairment in a 10-year-old may manifest as difficulties with figurative language despite acceptable social skills.
- To facilitate language development, select target vocabulary with ecological validity, resonating with the child’s experiences.
Developmental Milestones
- A 4-year-old child should be 90-100% intelligible, a critical factor for social integration and communication effectiveness.
- Children typically begin using two-word combinations once they have at least 50 words in their expressive vocabulary, highlighting a significant milestone in language development.
Therapy Techniques and Assessment
- Negative practice involves clients repeating undesirable speech patterns to increase awareness, aiding in speech therapy.
- Evaluating language skills in bilingual children requires understanding their proficiency in both languages to determine the need for therapy.
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Description
Explore key concepts in speech and language disorders, including phonological patterns and common issues like otitis media. This quiz covers articulation strategies and phonetic processes crucial for effective speech therapy. Test your understanding of how these elements affect communication skills.
