Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which position was traditionally known as the chief lieutenant in a town?
Which position was traditionally known as the chief lieutenant in a town?
Who were responsible for electing the Gobernadorcillo in the 19th century?
Who were responsible for electing the Gobernadorcillo in the 19th century?
What role did the cabeza de barangay serve?
What role did the cabeza de barangay serve?
Which group of missionaries was the first to arrive in the Philippines?
Which group of missionaries was the first to arrive in the Philippines?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following cities was NOT mentioned as part of the cities governed by the Ayuntamiento?
Which of the following cities was NOT mentioned as part of the cities governed by the Ayuntamiento?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ecclesiastical position was at the top of the Ecclesiastical Organization?
Which ecclesiastical position was at the top of the Ecclesiastical Organization?
Signup and view all the answers
Which instrument was notably used by missionaries to spread their faith during colonization?
Which instrument was notably used by missionaries to spread their faith during colonization?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the role of the Alguacil Mayor within the City Council?
What was the role of the Alguacil Mayor within the City Council?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary function of the Leyes de Toro enacted in 1502?
What was the primary function of the Leyes de Toro enacted in 1502?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document introduced a significant change in the election method of town officials?
Which document introduced a significant change in the election method of town officials?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant change did the Tax Reform of 1884 implement regarding forced labor?
What significant change did the Tax Reform of 1884 implement regarding forced labor?
Signup and view all the answers
What was covered under the Civil Code established in 1889?
What was covered under the Civil Code established in 1889?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the aim of the Propaganda Movement that emerged after 1872?
What was the aim of the Propaganda Movement that emerged after 1872?
Signup and view all the answers
What event did the Treaty of Paris conclude?
What event did the Treaty of Paris conclude?
Signup and view all the answers
What do the three stars on the Filipino flag symbolize?
What do the three stars on the Filipino flag symbolize?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Treaty of Paris?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Treaty of Paris?
Signup and view all the answers
Who led the act of declaring Philippine independence in 1898?
Who led the act of declaring Philippine independence in 1898?
Signup and view all the answers
What is represented by the eight rays of the sun in the Filipino flag?
What is represented by the eight rays of the sun in the Filipino flag?
Signup and view all the answers
What term did Spanish authorities use to refer to native Filipinos, highlighting their perceived inferiority?
What term did Spanish authorities use to refer to native Filipinos, highlighting their perceived inferiority?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following was a major criticism of the courts during the twilight of Spanish rule in the Philippines?
Which of the following was a major criticism of the courts during the twilight of Spanish rule in the Philippines?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the outcome for many Filipino patriots who spoke out against colonial abuses?
What was the outcome for many Filipino patriots who spoke out against colonial abuses?
Signup and view all the answers
What notable action did Ventura De Los Reyes accomplish in history?
What notable action did Ventura De Los Reyes accomplish in history?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant decree did Queen Isabela II promulgate regarding local governance?
What significant decree did Queen Isabela II promulgate regarding local governance?
Signup and view all the answers
What prediction did Dr. Jose Rizal make about the future of the Philippines under Spanish rule?
What prediction did Dr. Jose Rizal make about the future of the Philippines under Spanish rule?
Signup and view all the answers
What was General Weyler's financial status upon returning to Spain after his term in Manila?
What was General Weyler's financial status upon returning to Spain after his term in Manila?
Signup and view all the answers
What issue did Graciano Lopez Jaena address in his novelette 'Fray Botod'?
What issue did Graciano Lopez Jaena address in his novelette 'Fray Botod'?
Signup and view all the answers
What year did Spain abolish Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes?
What year did Spain abolish Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which law reorganized municipal government and elections in the Philippines in 1893?
Which law reorganized municipal government and elections in the Philippines in 1893?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary purpose of the Guardia Civil established in the Philippines?
What was the primary purpose of the Guardia Civil established in the Philippines?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organization established in 1584 governed the judiciary in the Philippines?
Which organization established in 1584 governed the judiciary in the Philippines?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the significance of the Manila-Acapulco Trade route?
What was the significance of the Manila-Acapulco Trade route?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Anti-Friars Manifesto of 1888 call for?
What did the Anti-Friars Manifesto of 1888 call for?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant legislative change occurred on October 5, 1847?
What significant legislative change occurred on October 5, 1847?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class was known as the elite class in municipal government that participated in elections under the Maura Law?
Which class was known as the elite class in municipal government that participated in elections under the Maura Law?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Spanish Colonial Administration
-
Town Officials
- Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant)
- Juez de Sementeraz (justice of the fields)
- Juez de Ganados (justice of cattle)
- Juez de Policia (justice of police)
- Directorcillo (municipal secretary)
-
Gobernadorcillo
- Referred to as "capitan" and "capitana" (for the wife)
- Originally elected annually by all married males, but later by 13 electors led by the outgoing Gobernadorcillo
-
Cabeza de Barangay
- Headed each barangay (barrio)
- Served annually without salary
-
Cities
- Included Manila, Lipa, Jaro, Cebu, Albay, Arevalo, Naga, and Vigan
- Ayuntamiento (City Government)
- City Council (Cabildo) composition:
- Alcalde (Mayor)
- Regidores (Councilors)
- Alguacil Mayor (Chief Constable)
- Escribano (Secretary)
Missionaries and Spanish Colonization
- Missionaries played a significant role in colonizing the Philippines.
- They arrived with the conquistadores and used the crucifix, rosary, and their virtues to win Filipinos to Christianity and Spanish rule.
- The first missionaries were Augustinians led by Father Urdaneta, arriving with Legazpi in 1565.
- Other missionary orders arrived later: Franciscans (1577), Jesuits (1581), Dominicans (1587), Recollects (1606), and Benedictines (1895).
- The Ecclesiastical Organization was parallel and connected to the civil government.
- The Archbishop of Manila, appointed by the Pope on the king's recommendation, was at the top of the Ecclesiastical Organization.
Racial Discrimination
- Spanish Authorities considered Filipinos inferior, calling them "Indios".
- Prejudice existed in government, armed forces, universities, courts, and high society.
Spanish Maladministration of Justice
- Courts were rife with corruption, incompetence, and dishonesty.
- Judges, fiscals, and other officials were corrupt.
- Poor people had little chance of winning cases, as money determined outcomes.
- Judicial procedures were slow and confusing, often resulting in delayed justice.
- The Juan de la Cruz Case (1886-1898) exemplifies the state of the justice system.
Persecution of Filipino Patriots
- Spanish authorities and friars labelled patriots as "Filibusteros".
- Patriots advocating reforms were imprisoned, exiled, or executed.
Notable Filipinos and their actions
- Ventura De Los Reyes
- First Philippine delegate to the Spanish Cortes.
- Signed the Spanish Constitution of 1812
- Abolished the Manila-Acapulco trade
- Queen Isabela II
- Issued a decree requiring qualified lawyers to be appointed as alcaldes mayores.
- Classified alcaldias into three classes.
- Governor General Pedro Manuel de Arandia (1754-1759)
- Established the first regular military organization in the Philippines.
- Dr. Jose Rizal
- Predicted a Filipino uprising against Spanish rule.
- Depicted friar abuses in his novels.
- General Weyler
- Arrived in Manila in 1888 penniless.
- Returned to Spain a millionaire after his term in 1891.
- General Primo de Rivera (1880-1883)
- Enriched himself by accepting bribes from a gambling syndicate in Manila.
- Graciano Lopez Jaena
- Depicted friar immoralities in his novelette "Fray Botod".
Key Dates & Events
- 1810-1813, 1820-1823, 1834-1837: Periods of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.
- June 16, 1837: Spain abolished Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.
- December 1853 to November 1854: Four governors general ruled the Philippines within one year.
- March 5, 1886: Royal Decree established Courts of First Instance in the provinces.
- May 19, 1885: Royal Decree created Justice of the Peace courts.
- 1888: The "Anti-Friars Manifesto" called for the expulsion of friars from the Philippines.
- September 23, 1844: Royal decree ordered only qualified lawyers to be appointed as alcaldes mayores.
- October 3, 1844: Royal decree abolished the special privilege to trade.
- October 5, 1847: Municipal Election Law changed the method of electing town officials.
- 1893: Maura Law reorganized municipal government and elections.
- 1896: Guardia Civil had 3,561 officers and men across three regiments.
Objects and their meanings
- Manila-Acapulco Trade: Trade route between the Philippines and Mexico.
- Rayadillo Uniforms: Uniforms used by the Guardia Civil.
Organizations and their significance
- Spanish Cortes (Parliament): Legislative body of Spain. The Philippines was represented for three periods.
- Royal Audiencia (Supreme Court): Established in 1584. Governed the judiciary and handled appellate cases.
- Territorial Audiencia of Cebu and Vigan (1893): Superior courts with jurisdiction over appellate criminal cases.
- Board of Authorities (Junta de Autoridades): Advisory body to the governor general.
- Council of Administration (Consejo de Administracion): Another advisory body to the governor general.
- Guardia Civil: Military force tasked with suppressing banditry and uprisings; known for atrocities.
- Frailocracy (Frailocracia): Describes the influence and control of friars over the government.
- Principalia (Town Aristocracy): Elite municipal government class, participated in elections under the Maura Law.
Laws and their meanings
- Siete Partidas (1348): Set of laws from Spain,
- Leyes de Toro (1502): Law granting inheritance of family fortune to the eldest child.
- Novísima Recopilación (1802): A revised compilation of Spanish laws.
- Spanish Penal Code (1886): Criminal code specifying penalties for crimes, including imprisonment.
- Code of Civil Procedure (1888): Outlined procedures for civil cases, with financial penalties instead of imprisonment.
- Civil Code (1889): Covered property and land ownership.
- Code of Commerce (1888): Regulated business activities.
- Mortgage Law (1889): Defined rules for obligations and contracts.
- Tax Reform of 1884: Abolished the tribute tax, replaced it with the cedula tax, and reduced forced labor.
- Royal Decree of September 23, 1844: Ordered only qualified lawyers to be appointed as alcaldes mayores.
- Royal Decree of October 3, 1844: Abolished the special privilege to trade.
- Municipal Election Law of October 5, 1847: Changed the election method of town officials.
- Maura Law (1893): Reorganized municipal government and elections; introduced the title “municipal captain” instead of “gobernadorcillo.”
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the structure of Spanish colonial administration in the Philippines. Learn about the various town officials, their roles, and the impact of missionaries during this period. Dive into the intricacies of governance and community leadership throughout Spanish colonization.
