Questions and Answers
Who was the leader of the secret society known as the Katipunan?
What was the primary objective of the Biak-na-Bato Republic?
Which government system did the Spanish establish in the Philippines?
What role did the Maginoos play in the barangay system?
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On what date was the Katipunan organized?
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What did the Biak-na-Bato Constitution emphasize?
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What type of government did Emilio Aguinaldo establish on May 24, 1898?
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Who concluded treaties of friendship with native chiefs in 1565?
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What significant event took place in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898?
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What law led to the end of the military regime in the Philippines?
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When was the Philippine Civil Government inaugurated?
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Who were the elected President and Vice President during the inauguration of the Commonwealth Government?
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Which organization acted as the upper house of the Legislative branch from 1907 to 1916?
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What was the primary function of the military governor during the American Military Government?
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On what date was the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines inaugurated?
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When is Philippine independence established as per the Tydings Mc Duffie Law?
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Study Notes
Pre-Spanish Government
- The Philippines was initially occupied by islanders forming barangays, led by a Rajah or Datu.
- Maginoos served as the Council of Elders, assisting the Datu in governance, judgment, and maintaining order.
The Spanish Government
- Colonization began in 1565 with Miguel Lopez de Legazpi forming treaties with local chiefs.
- A centralized colonial government was established, combining national and local administrations for provinces and municipalities.
- Local government units were created to streamline governance efforts.
The Katipunan Government
- Founded by Andres Bonifacio, the Katipunan was a secret society that initiated the revolution on August 26, 1896.
- It functioned as an alternative government with a Supreme Council, president, and a cabinet.
Biak-na-Bato Republic
- Established by Emilio Aguinaldo on November 1, 1897, based on the Biak-na-Bato Constitution.
- The republic aimed for the Philippines' separation from Spanish rule and creation of an independent state.
- It emphasized basic human rights, including freedom of religion, press, and the right to education.
Emilio Aguinaldo’s Dictatorial Government
- Formed on May 24, 1898, with significant achievements including the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898.
- The government focused on reorganizing local governance structures.
American Colonial Period
American Military Government
- Initiated on April 4, 1898, granting the U.S. President authority to establish military governance in the Philippines.
- The military governor had comprehensive powers to administer the government during wartime.
Civil Government
- Established on July 4, 1901, after the Spooner Amendment ended the military regime.
- The Civil Governor held legislative powers; the Philippine Commission served as the upper house and the Philippine Assembly as the lower house until the establishment of the Philippine Legislature in 1916.
The Commonwealth Government
- Introduced via the Tydings-McDuffie Law on March 24, 1934, allowing a decade-long transition to independence.
- Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on November 15, 1935; Manuel L. Quezon became President and Sergio Osmeña Vice President following the first national election on September 12, 1935.
The Japanese Military Administration
- Established on January 3, 1942, immediately following the Japanese occupation of Manila.
- Governed the Philippines with a focus on military control and integration into the Japanese Empire.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the governance of the Philippines during the Spanish and Japanese colonial periods. This quiz covers the structure of local government units, key figures like Rajah and Datu, and the transition from Spanish to Japanese rule.
