Software Prototyping: Coping with Change and Cost of Rework
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the costs of change in software projects?

  • Decreased rework
  • Increased rework (correct)
  • No impact on rework
  • Unchanged rework

    • How can change anticipation be incorporated in the software process?

  • By developing a prototype system to show key features to customers (correct)
  • By implementing all changes at once
  • By avoiding any form of incremental development
  • By not accommodating any changes

    • What is change tolerance in the context of software development?

  • Avoiding any form of change in the process
  • Implementing changes at high cost to discourage them
  • Refusing to implement any changes
  • Designing the process to accommodate changes at relatively low cost (correct)

    • How does system prototyping contribute to coping with requirements’ change?

    <p>By developing a version of the system quickly to check customer’s requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of developing a prototype system in software projects?

    <p>To show key features of the system to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can changing platforms impact software projects?

    <p>Changing platforms may require application changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of system increments being delivered to the customer for comment and experimentation?

    <p>To avoid change and tolerate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using a prototype in the requirements engineering process?

    <p>Closer match to users’ real needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are throw-away prototypes not a good basis for a production system?

    <p>The prototype structure degrades through rapid change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between incremental development and incremental delivery?

    <p>Incremental delivery deploys an increment for use by end-users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of incremental delivery?

    <p>System functionality available earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can it be hard to identify common facilities needed by all increments in incremental delivery?

    <p>Requirements are not defined in detail until an increment is to be implemented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using prototypes in the testing process?

    <p>To run back-to-back tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should prototypes be discarded after development?

    <p>They do not meet organizational quality standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does incremental delivery support?

    <p>Both change avoidance and change tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using prototypes in the design processes?

    <p>Exploring options and developing UI design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Change is avoidable in all large software projects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    New technologies can open up new possibilities for improving implementations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental development does not support change anticipation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    System prototyping supports change anticipation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Throw-away prototypes are a good basis for a production system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coping with requirements’ change can be supported by system prototyping.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental delivery involves delivering the entire system all at once to the customer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prototypes can be used to explore design options and develop a UI design.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Throw-away prototypes should be retained for use in the production system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental delivery can lead to lower risk of overall project failure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental development involves deploying an increment for use by end-users.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prototypes contribute to improved system usability, but not to improved maintainability.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Change avoidance and change tolerance are supported by incremental delivery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Throw-away prototypes are normally well-documented.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental delivery involves freezing the requirements once the development of an increment is started.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incremental delivery allows user requirements to continue evolving for later increments even after an increment is started.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Costs of Change in Software Projects

    • Changes can result in increased costs due to delays, rework, and potential disruptions in project timelines.
    • Change anticipation is essential to manage costs associated with requirements that evolve during the development cycle.

    Change Anticipation in the Software Process

    • Incorporating change anticipation involves flexible planning, regular feedback loops, and adaptive methodologies to accommodate unexpected modifications.

    Change Tolerance in Software Development

    • Change tolerance refers to the system's ability to absorb alterations without significant disruptions to overall functionality or progress.

    System Prototyping and Requirements Changes

    • System prototyping allows developers to interactively refine requirements by providing a visual representation of the system, which can adapt as new insights emerge.

    Purpose of Developing a Prototype System

    • A prototype system serves to validate concepts, gather user feedback, and explore potential solutions early in the development process.

    Impact of Changing Platforms on Software Projects

    • Transitioning to new platforms can introduce compatibility issues, require additional resources, and necessitate retraining of personnel involved in the project.

    Purpose of System Increments Delivery

    • Delivering system increments for customer feedback facilitates real-time evaluation and adjustments based on user experience, leading to enhanced satisfaction and usability.

    Benefits of Prototypes in Requirements Engineering

    • Prototypes streamline the requirements gathering process by visually representing ideas, allowing for clarification and refinement of user needs.

    Throwaway Prototypes Limitation

    • Throwaway prototypes are not suitable as production systems because they are typically designed for quick iteration and do not adhere to long-term sustainability or maintainability requirements.

    Incremental Development vs. Incremental Delivery

    • Incremental development involves gradually deploying functional segments for end-user interaction, while incremental delivery refers to releasing the complete system in full increments.

    Advantages of Incremental Delivery

    • It reduces the risk of project failure by facilitating early user engagement and iterative improvements throughout the development cycle.

    Challenges in Identifying Common Facilities in Incremental Delivery

    • Difficulties arise in pinpointing shared functionalities due to the evolving nature of user requirements and varying scopes across increments.

    Purpose of Prototypes in Testing

    • Prototypes are used in testing phases to simulate system interactions, validate functionality, and assess user experience prior to final implementation.

    Discarding Prototypes After Development

    • Prototypes should be discarded once development is complete to avoid confusion, as they are often not designed for long-term use or scalability.

    Support Offered by Incremental Delivery

    • Incremental delivery supports adaptability to changing user requirements, allowing for ongoing feedback and modifications even after the start of development.

    Benefits of Prototypes in Design Processes

    • Prototypes enhance design processes by enabling exploration of multiple design options, fostering innovation, and refining user interfaces before full implementation.

    Incorrect Statements Clarified

    • Change is typically unavoidable in large software projects due to evolving requirements and external factors.
    • Incremental development does in fact support change anticipation through its iterative nature.
    • Throw-away prototypes can provide essential insights but are not the foundation for a robust production system.
    • Incremental delivery allows user requirements to evolve, accommodating new demands over time.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on coping with change in large software projects and the cost of rework in software prototyping. Understand how change affects system requirements, implementation possibilities, and platforms, and learn about the costs associated with rework and implementing new functionality.

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