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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes correlation from causation?
What distinguishes correlation from causation?
Which advantage does the scientific method provide in psychological research?
Which advantage does the scientific method provide in psychological research?
What is the primary role of independent variables in experimental research?
What is the primary role of independent variables in experimental research?
Under what conditions can psychologists conduct experiments that may cause discomfort to participants?
Under what conditions can psychologists conduct experiments that may cause discomfort to participants?
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How is Big Data primarily utilized in social psychological research?
How is Big Data primarily utilized in social psychological research?
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What are the key features of the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
What are the key features of the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five universal values defined in Moral Foundations Theory?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five universal values defined in Moral Foundations Theory?
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When do individuals generally experience a heightened need for closure?
When do individuals generally experience a heightened need for closure?
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What distinguishes correlation from causation in research?
What distinguishes correlation from causation in research?
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Which of the following is an advantage of the scientific method in social psychology?
Which of the following is an advantage of the scientific method in social psychology?
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In an experiment, what differentiates independent variables from dependent variables?
In an experiment, what differentiates independent variables from dependent variables?
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What role does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) play in psychological experiments?
What role does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) play in psychological experiments?
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What is the main difference between correlation and causation?
What is the main difference between correlation and causation?
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How can big data be applied in psychology?
How can big data be applied in psychology?
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What is one key advantage of using the scientific method?
What is one key advantage of using the scientific method?
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What is a primary focus of contemporary social psychology in the context of intergroup conflict?
What is a primary focus of contemporary social psychology in the context of intergroup conflict?
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In an experiment, which of the following represents the dependent variable?
In an experiment, which of the following represents the dependent variable?
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What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research experiments?
What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in research experiments?
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What characterizes the cultural perspective in social psychology?
What characterizes the cultural perspective in social psychology?
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What does the psychodynamic perspective contribute to contemporary social psychology?
What does the psychodynamic perspective contribute to contemporary social psychology?
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How can big data applications be beneficial in psychology?
How can big data applications be beneficial in psychology?
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Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?
Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?
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What happens to a hypothesis if the results of a study do not support it?
What happens to a hypothesis if the results of a study do not support it?
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What does the independent variable represent in an experiment?
What does the independent variable represent in an experiment?
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Study Notes
Chapter One
- Social psychology is a hub discipline, connected to other disciplines like intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
- Contemporary social psychology strongly emphasizes intergroup conflict.
- Cultural perspectives distinguish between societies.
- Psychodynamic perspective in social psychology uses dynamic systems theory.
- Social learning perspective explores contemporary expression in social psychology.
Chapter Two
- Correlation is different from causation.
- Positive and negative correlations are interpreted based on how they change together.
- Scientific method advantages, focusing on hypothesis function and how results affect theories.
- Independent and dependent variables are defined.
- Institutional Review Board (IRB) purpose and ethical limitations imposed on experiments.
- Big Data is defined.
Chapter Three
- Attitudes have three basic dimensions.
- Belief perseverance and thought-induced attitude polarization are defined.
- Need for closure is defined, and when individuals experience it.
- Moral foundations theory covers universal values.
- Independent and interdependent cultural behaviors in social context.
Chapter Four
- Misattribution of arousal theory defines how arousal influences comfort tolerance.
- Universal emotions are described
- Facial feedback hypothesis explains how expressions affect emotion perception, with examples.
- James-Lange theory of emotion is described in detail.
- Hedonic treadmill and affective forecasting are defined.
Chapter Five
- Self-recognition and self-awareness definitions.
- Species that display self-awareness and those that do not.
- Differences in self-description between individualistic and collectivistic societies.
- Self-handicapping is defined, plus examples.
- Sociometer hypothesis links self-esteem to social acceptance.
Chapter Six
- Self-Conscious emotions and ego-depletion.
- Ego-depletion consequences and increasing self-awareness in settings and general factors.
- Intrinsic motivation and over-justification effect are explored
- Stress and how it's different between prevention and promotion orientation.
Chapter Seven
- Cognitive heuristic and different types (representativeness, availability, and vividness).
- Actor-observer difference and examples illustrating how behavior perceived differs based on context.
- Halo Effect and Reverse Halo Effect definitions and how teachers' perception is potentially affected by bias.
Chapter Eight
- Need for closure explains impacts on judgments of others.
- Confirmation bias is defined.
- How individuals validate confirmation biases through own examples.
- Self-handicapping and reasons behind it.
- Self-fulfilling prophecies are defined and examples are included.
- Impression management strategies, their types, and goals.
Chapter Nine
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: familiar with its structure.
- Loneliness definition and biological sex differences in experiences.
- Impact of technology on loneliness with examples.
- Consequences of loneliness, and the purpose and consequences of nonverbal behavior.
- How mirroring nonverbal cues affects others.
Chapter Ten
- Evolutionary perspective of attraction and the concept of physical attraction.
- Social exchange theory applies to close relationships.
- Bargaining chips for males and females are defined within the context of relationships.
- Behavioral control, persuasion, and manipulation are defined, plus examples..
- Normative influence, Informational influence and examples.
Chapter Eleven
- Socioeconomic status impacts the relationship between aggression and testosterone
- How self-esteem and self-concept clarity impact aggression.
- Correlation between gun ownership rates and homicide rates, and examples.
Chapter Twelve
- Altruism and pluralistic ignorance.
- Factors that cause high or low likelihood of helping others.
- Study on diffusion of responsibility, and how to increase empathy.
Chapter Thirteen
- Group polarization and groupthink, plus examples.
- Strategies to reduce groupthink.
- Social loafing and deindividuation, along with examples.
- Small world phenomenon: a description.
- Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination are defined and differentiated, with examples.
- Implicit and explicit prejudice and examples differentiating each.
Chapter Fourteen
- Tit-for-tat strategy and its impact on social harmony in specific context.
- How income inequality affects social harmony.
- The five fundamental values and how they differ between political orientations, descriptions and examples.
- Tragedy of the Commons
- Just-world belief and how it affects perpetrators and victims.
Chapter Fifteen
- Material well-being and happiness, how one affects the other.
- Upward social comparison and how it affects well-being and happiness.
- Downward comparison and how it affects well-being and happiness.
- Factors that impact well-being and happiness
Chapter Fourteen
- Own race bias, and how it impacts eyewitness testimony.
- Reliability and impacts of eyewitness testimony on conviction.
- Description of the Stanford Prison Experiment, and how that relates to impacting real-world implications.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational concepts of social psychology, including its interconnections with motivation, cultural perspectives, and perspectives such as psychodynamic and social learning. It also touches on important aspects of research methodology, including correlation vs. causation, and ethical considerations in experimentation.
