SOP 3004 Social Psychology Fall 2024 Past Paper PDF

**SOP 3004 -- Social Psychology, Fall 2024** ***Chapter One*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Social Psyc...

**SOP 3004 -- Social Psychology, Fall 2024** ***Chapter One*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Social Psychology | What makes social psychology a | | | hub discipline? What are other | | | disciplines connected to it? | | | | | | Understand and explain the | | | mystery of human behavior, which | | | relates to intrinsic and | | | extrinsic motivation. | | | | | | What does contemporary social | | | psychology emphasize most | | | strongly when investigating the | | | roots of intergroup conflict? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Cultural Perspective | Describe the cultural | | | perspective. | | | | | | What is the major distinction | | | made between societies? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Psychodynamic Perspective | Describe dynamical systems | | | theory. | | | | | | What is the contemporary use of | | | the psychodynamic perspective in | | | social psychology? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Social Learning Perspective | Describe the social learning | | | perspective. | | | | | | What is the contemporary | | | expression of the social learning | | | perspective in social psychology? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***\ Chapter Two*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Correlation | Define correlation. How is it | | | different from causation? | | | | | | Understand how to interpret | | | positive vs. negative | | | correlations | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Scientific Method | What are the advantages of using | | | the scientific method? | | | | | | What is the function of a | | | hypothesis? | | | | | | What happens to the theory if a | | | study's results do not support | | | the hypothesis? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Experiment | Define independent variable. | | | | | | Define dependent variable. | | | | | | Understand and identify the | | | independent variable and the | | | dependent variable within an | | | experiment. | | | | | | What is the purpose of the | | | Institutional Review Board (IRB)? | | | | | | Under what conditions are | | | psychologists allowed to conduct | | | experiments that may cause | | | discomfort to participants? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Big Data | Define Big Data. | | | | | | How is Big Data used in social | | | psychological research? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Three*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Attitudes | What are the three basic | | | dimensions of attitudes? | | | | | | Define belief perseverance. | | | | | | Define thought-induced attitude | | | polarization. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Need for Closure | Define need for closure. | | | | | | When do individuals experience a | | | heightened need for closure? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Moral Foundations Theory | What are the 5 universal values? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Culture | What are some of the ways that | | | individuals in interdependent and | | | independent cultures think/act | | | differently? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Four*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Misattribution of Arousal | What is the misattribution of | | | arousal theory?\ | | | How does believing in a placebo | | | pill influence a person's ability | | | to tolerate discomfort? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Emotion | What are the six universal | | | emotions?\ | | | How do facial expressions affect | | | emotion perception according to | | | the facial feedback hypothesis? | | | | | | Describe the James-Lange theory | | | of emotion. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Hedonic Treadmill | Define the hedonic treadmill. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Affective Forecasting | What does research on affective | | | forecasting suggest on intense | | | versus mild emotional states? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Five*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Self-Recognition | Define self-recognition. | | | | | | When does self-recognition | | | develop in human children? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Self-Awareness | Define self-awareness. | | | | | | What species show self-awareness? | | | | | | What species DO NOT show | | | self-awareness? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Individualistic versus | How do individuals\' descriptions | | Collectivistic Societies | of themselves differ in | | | individualistic societies versus | | | collectivistic societies? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Self-Handicapping | Define self-handicapping. Provide | | | examples. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Sociometer Hypothesis | Define the sociometer hypothesis | | | (Leary et al., 1995). | | | | | | According to this hypothesis, | | | what is the difference between | | | individuals with low self-esteem | | | versus high self-esteem? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contingencies of\ | Define the contingencies of | | Self-Worth Model | self-worth model (Crocker & | | | Wolfe, 2001). | | | | | | How do personally important | | | domains play a role in | | | self-esteem? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Self-Esteem | Define Self-Esteem. | | | | | | How is self-esteem different from | | | self-concept clarity? | | | | | | How can an individual's culture | | | (independent vs. interdependent) | | | affect their self-esteem? | | | | | | How do social relations influence | | | self-esteem? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Six*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Self-Conscious | What are self-conscious emotions? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Ego-Depletion | Define ego-depletion. | | | | | | What are the consequences of | | | ego-depletion? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Self-Awareness | How can we impose self-awareness | | | in experimental settings? | | | | | | What general factors promote | | | self-awareness in humans? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Intrinsic Motivation | Define intrinsic motivation. | | | | | | Define the over-justification | | | effect. Give an example. | | | | | | What happens to intrinsic | | | motivation after being rewarded | | | for an activity? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Stress | What is the one major factor that | | | makes an event stressful? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Prevention/Promotion | What is the difference between a | | | promotion orientation and a | | | prevention orientation? | | | | | | What is the difference between | | | how individuals with a promotion | | | versus a prevention orientation | | | think about a "normal day"? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Seven*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Cognitive Heuristics | Define representativeness | | | heuristic. | | | | | | Know the difference between the | | | representativeness heuristic, | | | availability heuristic, and the | | | vividness heuristic. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Actor-Observer Difference | Define the actor-observer | | | difference. Give an example. | | | | | | How do individual perceive their | | | own behavior versus how do they | | | see others\' behavior? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Halo Effect | Describe the Halo Effect. Provide | | | an example. | | | | | | Describe the Reverse Halo Effect. | | | Provide an example. | | | | | | How might the Halo Effect impact | | | teachers' perceptions of bad | | | behavior in children? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Need for Closure | How does an individual's level of | | | need for closure impact their | | | judgments of other people? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Bias in Social Judgement | Define confirmation bias. Provide | | | an example. | | | | | | How do people fulfill their own | | | confirmation biases? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Eight*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Self-Handicapping | Define self-handicapping. Provide | | | examples. | | | | | | Why do people self-handicap? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | Define self-fulfilling prophecy. | | | Provide an example. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Impression Management | What are the 6 types of | | | self-presentation? What are the | | | goals of each? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Be familiar with Maslow's | | | Hierarchy of Needs and the order | | | they are in. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Loneliness | Define loneliness. | | | | | | How might experiences of | | | loneliness differ based on | | | biological sex? | | | | | | How has the creation of the | | | smartphone impacted loneliness? | | | | | | What are the consequences of | | | loneliness? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Nonverbal Behavior | What is the purpose of nonverbal | | | behavior? | | | | | | Why do we mimic the nonverbal | | | behavior of others? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Nine*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Evolutionary Perspective of | Why might males be more willing | | Attraction | than females to have multiple | | | sexual partners? | | | | | | Why is symmetry considered | | | attractive? | | | | | | What do the "ideal" | | | shoulder-to-waist ratio and | | | hip-to-waist ratio indicate? What | | | makes them attractive? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Love | What brain chemical is considered | | | most responsible for feelings of | | | (compassionate) love? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Attraction | Do we tend to feel attracted to | | | people who are similar or | | | dissimilar to ourselves? Why? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Social Exchange | What does the social exchange | | | theory suggest about the dynamics | | | of close relationships? | | | | | | According to Baumeister & Vohs | | | (2004), what are the primary | | | \"bargaining chips\" for males | | | and females in relationships? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Ten*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Forms of Influence | Define behavioral control. | | | Provide an example. | | | | | | Define persuasion. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Define manipulation. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Of these 3 forms of influence, | | | which is the most direct and | | | which is the least direct? | | | | | | Define normative influence. Give | | | an example. | | | | | | Define informational influence. | | | Give an example. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Persuasion | What are the two personality | | | characteristics that make people | | | persuasive? Be familiar with | | | Hoyland & Weiss, 1951. | | | | | | How can Action Identification | | | Theory be utilized for changing a | | | person's strongly held attitude? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Manipulation | Describe the "Bait and Switch" | | | Technique. Provide an example of | | | how this could be used to | | | manipulate someone. | | | | | | Describe the "Door in the Face" | | | Technique. Provide an example of | | | how this could be used to | | | manipulate someone. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Eleven*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Aggression | Understand the relationship | | | between aggression and | | | testosterone. | | | | | | How does socioeconomic status | | | impact the relationship between | | | aggression and testosterone? | | | | | | Understand how self-esteem and | | | self-concept clarity impact | | | aggression. | | | | | | Understand the correlation | | | between a nation's gun ownership | | | rates and homicide rates | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Prosocial Behavior | Define altruism. Give an example. | | | | | | Define pluralistic ignorance. | | | | | | Understand the study by Latané & | | | Darley, 1968 on pluralistic | | | ignorance. | | | | | | Define diffusion of | | | responsibility. | | | | | | Understand the study by Latané & | | | Darley, 1968 on diffusion of | | | responsibility. | | | | | | What environments are most | | | conducive to people offering help | | | to others in need? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Twelve*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Group Mind | Define group polarization. | | | Provide an example. | | | | | | Define groupthink. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | What strategies exist to | | | reduce/prevent groupthink? | | | | | | What factors promote groupthink? | | | | | | Define social loafing. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Define deindividuation. Provide | | | an example. | | | | | | What are some consequences of | | | deindividuation? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Small World Phenomenon | Describe the Small World | | | Phenomenon (Milgram, 1967). | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Thirteen*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | In-Group/Out-Group Dynamics | Define out-group homogeneity. | | | Provide an example. | | | | | | Define in-group bias (aka | | | in-group favoritism). Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Define dehumanization as it | | | applies to out-groups. Provide an | | | example. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Prejudice, Stereotypes, and | Define prejudice. Provide an | | Discrimination | example. | | | | | | Define stereotypes. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Define discrimination. Provide an | | | example. | | | | | | Know the difference between these | | | terms. | | | | | | Understand the difference between | | | implicit and explicit prejudice. | | | Provide an example of each. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Social Identity | What factors influence the social | | | identity that a person is most | | | likely to embrace? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Conflict | What are the key factors that can | | | escalate resource competition | | | between groups into destructive | | | conflict? | | | | | | Be familiar with the Robber's | | | Cave study (Sherif et al., 1961) | | | and how the study accomplished | | | reducing hostility between | | | groups. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Fourteen*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Social Dilemma Games | Describe the tit-for-tat | | | strategy. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Social Harmony | How does income inequality impact | | | social harmony? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Five Fundamental Values | According to Haidt, what are the | | | 5 fundamental values? | | | | | | How does sensitivity to each of | | | these values differ between the 2 | | | major US political orientations? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Resources | Describe the Tragedy of the | | | Commons. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Belief in a Just World | Describe just world belief. | | | Provide an example of someone | | | with this mindset. | | | | | | How do individuals with just | | | world beliefs respond to victims | | | when the perpetrator cannot be | | | found? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ ***Chapter Fifteen*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Terms** | **Key Questions** | +===================================+===================================+ | Subjective Well-Being | How does material well-being | | | impact happiness? | | | | | | Define upward social comparison. | | | Provide an example. | | | | | | Define downward social | | | comparison. Provide an example. | | | | | | Compare the effects of upward vs | | | downward social comparison on | | | positive/negative feelings. | | | | | | What are some predictors of an | | | individual\'s well-being and | | | happiness?\ | | | What factors are not associated | | | with an individual\'s well-being | | | and happiness? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The Justice System | Define own-race bias. Understand | | | how this impacts eyewitness | | | testimony. | | | | | | How much weight is given to | | | eyewitness testimony in | | | determining a suspect's guilt? | | | Does the eyewitness\'s confidence | | | affect this relationship? | | | | | | Does confidence in eyewitness | | | testimony reflect its actual | | | accuracy? | | | | | | Describe the Stanford Prison | | | Experiment. | | | | | | What are the real-world | | | implications of imprisonment | | | according to the Stanford Prison | | | Experiment? | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+