Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a function of attitudes?
Which of these is NOT a function of attitudes?
Classical conditioning is a learned response to a stimulus that is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Classical conditioning is a learned response to a stimulus that is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
True (A)
What is the term for contrasting evaluations about a single attitude object?
What is the term for contrasting evaluations about a single attitude object?
Dual attitudes
The process of learning from past consequences is called ______.
The process of learning from past consequences is called ______.
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Match the following attitude functions with their descriptions:
Match the following attitude functions with their descriptions:
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True experiments are considered the gold standard for research because they ensure all participant groups are identical except for the variable being tested.
True experiments are considered the gold standard for research because they ensure all participant groups are identical except for the variable being tested.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of trustworthy research?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of trustworthy research?
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The understanding that we are a separate entity from others is known as ______.
The understanding that we are a separate entity from others is known as ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of impression management?
Which of the following is NOT a component of impression management?
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What is the difference between self-concept and self-schema?
What is the difference between self-concept and self-schema?
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Optimal margin theory suggests that individuals have a limited set of skills.
Optimal margin theory suggests that individuals have a limited set of skills.
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Match the following cultural expectations with their corresponding self-constructs:
Match the following cultural expectations with their corresponding self-constructs:
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What is the difference between internal and external attributions?
What is the difference between internal and external attributions?
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Self-perception theory suggests that we learn about ourselves by observing our own behaviors.
Self-perception theory suggests that we learn about ourselves by observing our own behaviors.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of self-discrepancy theory?
Which of the following is NOT a component of self-discrepancy theory?
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The tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the power of the situation when explaining others' behavior is known as the ______.
The tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the power of the situation when explaining others' behavior is known as the ______.
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Match the following social perceptual processes with their definitions:
Match the following social perceptual processes with their definitions:
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What is self-expansion, and how does it affect our self-concept?
What is self-expansion, and how does it affect our self-concept?
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Which of the following is an example of a self-serving attribution?
Which of the following is an example of a self-serving attribution?
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Self-esteem is a direct measure of one's self-efficacy.
Self-esteem is a direct measure of one's self-efficacy.
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What are the two main bases for person perceptions?
What are the two main bases for person perceptions?
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Which of these are NOT considered a social influence on our behavior?
Which of these are NOT considered a social influence on our behavior?
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Social facilitation is a phenomenon where people perform worse when they are in the presence of others.
Social facilitation is a phenomenon where people perform worse when they are in the presence of others.
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What are the two main types of social intuitions?
What are the two main types of social intuitions?
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The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group as compared to working alone is called ______.
The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group as compared to working alone is called ______.
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Match the research design with its description.
Match the research design with its description.
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Which of the following is an example of an archival data source used in social psychology research?
Which of the following is an example of an archival data source used in social psychology research?
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Social psychology research is a slow and steady process.
Social psychology research is a slow and steady process.
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Describe the steps involved in the scientific research process in social psychology.
Describe the steps involved in the scientific research process in social psychology.
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Study Notes
Social Psychology
- Focuses on how individuals think, influence, and relate to one another.
- Social intuitions:
- Conscious, deliberate thought
- Unconscious, automatic processes
- Social influences shape behavior:
- Locality
- Educational level
- Media consumption
- Culture
- Ethnicity
- Personal attitudes and dispositions:
- Internal forces (inner attitudes)
- Personality differences
Research Methods in Social Psychology
- Social facilitation: Increased performance when others are present.
- Social loafing: Decreased effort in group settings.
- Triplett's study showed cyclists performed better when competing.
- Social psychology research:
- Steady but slow development
- Focuses on underlying constructs
- Primarily applied, therefore faster progress
- Designing research:
- Determine purpose: basic or applied?
- Observe patterns, develop hypotheses, test hypothesis, interpret, refine (if needed)
Correlation
- Shows relationship between two sets of data.
- Strong positive, weak positive, strong negative, weak negative, no correlation.
- Descriptive designs:
- Archival data: Examine existing information.
- Naturalistic observation: Observe behaviors in natural settings.
- Descriptive surveys: Self-report scales.
- Correlational analysis: Examines relationships between two variables (e.g., study hours, grades).
- Experiments:
- Pre-experimental: One group is assessed.
- Quasi-experimental: Comparisons between naturally occurring groups.
- True experimental: Equivalent groups, random assignment.
Self and Social Perception
- Self-awareness: Understanding oneself as separate from others and the world.
- Self-recognition: Recognizing oneself.
- Self-concept: Personal summary of qualities, relationships, memberships, and beliefs.
- Formation through schemas (mental frameworks).
- Self-schema: Summary of self-relevant information.
- Social identity theory: Personal identity vs. group memberships and relationships.
- Influence of cultural expectations and traditions.
- Culture:
- Personal identity: Autonomy, independence, assertiveness.
- Social identity: Relatedness, collectivism, interdependence, self-effacement.
- Different expectations based on regional or cultural differences.
- Independent self: Personal qualities, competition, success.
- Interdependent self: Social qualities, group membership.
- Self-perception: Inferences about oneself from observing one's own behaviors.
- Self-discrepancy: Comparing the actual self to the ideal and ought selves.
- Disappointment, shame, guilt, anxiety, self-contempt.
Self-Expansion and Self Presentation
- Self-expansion: Growing self-concept through close relationships.
- Self-presentation: Managing the image of oneself in various situations.
- Impression management: Shaping perceptions through behaviors and attitudes.
- Collective self-esteem: Evaluating the worth of social groups.
- Optimal margin theory: Complex minds with vast skill sets.
- Self-serving cognitive biases: Overestimating oneself or own group's importance.
- Self-esteem: Personal evaluation of self-worth.
- Self-efficacy: Confidence in ability to succeed in a task.
- Social perceptual processes:
- Person perceptions: Initial judgments based on observations.
- Micro-expressions: Involuntary displays of emotions.
Attribution, Attitudes and attitude change processes
- Attribution theory: Explaining others' and own behavior.
- Internal attributions: Person-based explanations.
- External attributions: Situation-based explanations.
- Fundamental attribution error: Overestimating internal factors and underestimating external factors when explaining others' actions.
- Actor-observer bias: Explaining own behavior through external factors. Self-serving attributions:
- Self-serving bias: Attributing success to internal factors and failures to external factors.
- False consensus bias: Overestimating how many others share one's opinions or behaviors.
- False uniqueness bias: Underestimating how many others share one's desirable traits.
- Attitudes: Inner evaluations or judgments towards people, objects or events.
- Dual Attitudes: Contrasting evaluations about the same attitude object.
- Attitude functions: Instrumental, value expression, ego-defensive, and social.
Attitude Development
- Attitudes come from nature and nurture.
- Classical conditioning: Learning through association.
- Operant conditioning: Learning through consequences.
- Impression management: Adjusting behavior to influence others' perceptions.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in social psychology, focusing on individual behaviors, social influences, and attitudes. It delves into research methods and phenomena such as social facilitation and loafing, providing a foundation for understanding human interactions. Test your knowledge about the dynamics of social behavior and research techniques.
