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Questions and Answers
Which school of thought argues that social change often occurs due to power struggles between competing groups?
Which school of thought argues that social change often occurs due to power struggles between competing groups?
What is the primary focus of the Social Cognitive Theory?
What is the primary focus of the Social Cognitive Theory?
What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group in research?
What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group in research?
Which of these is NOT a catalyst for social change?
Which of these is NOT a catalyst for social change?
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Which of these is an example of qualitative data?
Which of these is an example of qualitative data?
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What is the term for the mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs?
What is the term for the mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs?
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What is the primary focus of the field of Demography?
What is the primary focus of the field of Demography?
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Which of these is NOT a research method used in the social sciences?
Which of these is NOT a research method used in the social sciences?
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What is the primary factor that influences the natural increase rate?
What is the primary factor that influences the natural increase rate?
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Which of the following best indicates the consequences of gender inequality?
Which of the following best indicates the consequences of gender inequality?
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Which theory emphasizes the social context of deviance and suggests it is created through social interactions?
Which theory emphasizes the social context of deviance and suggests it is created through social interactions?
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What is the main difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty?
What is the main difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty?
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Which of the following is considered a structural program addressing poverty?
Which of the following is considered a structural program addressing poverty?
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Study Notes
Unit 1: Review of Social Sciences
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Key Disciplines: Anthropology studies human societies, cultures, and development. Sociology examines social behavior, relationships, and institutions. Psychology focuses on the mind and behavior.
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Social Sciences Jargon:
- Cohort: A group sharing a common characteristic (e.g., birth year).
- Quantitative Data: Data expressed in numbers (e.g., survey results).
- Qualitative Data: Descriptive data (e.g., interviews).
- Bias: Prejudice affecting objectivity.
- Correlation vs. Causation: Correlation is a relationship; causation implies one directly affects the other.
- Control Group vs. Experimental Group: Used in experiments.
- Double Blind: Neither researchers nor participants know group assignments to reduce bias.
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5-Step Inquiry Process: Identify the problem, form a hypothesis, gather data, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
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Research Methods: Surveys, experiments, interviews, ethnography.
Unit 2: Social Change
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Schools of Thought:
- Structural Functionalism: Society functions like a complex system.
- Social Cognitive Theory: Human behavior is influenced by social interactions and personal factors.
- Feminism: Focuses on gender inequalities and social justice.
- Conflict Theory: Society is driven by conflict for resources.
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Theories of Change:
- Evolutionary Theory: Societies evolve in stages.
- Cyclical Theory: Societies rise and fall cyclically.
- Conflict Theory: Change arises from power struggles.
- Challenge & Response Theory: Societies change by overcoming challenges.
- Functionalist Theory: Changes maintain societal stability.
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Factors Affecting Change: Catalysts (technology, innovation, leadership) and impediments (cultural resistance, lack of resources).
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Terms to Know:
- Cognitive Dissonance: Mental discomfort from conflicting beliefs.
- Paradigm Shift: A fundamental change in societal thinking.
- Technological Determinism: Technology drives societal change.
- Social Construction of Technology: Society shapes technological development
Unit 3: Social Patterns and Trends
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Demographics and Migration:
- Demography: Study of population statistics and trends.
- Demographic Transition Model: Describes population changes over time due to birth and death rates.
- Factors influencing Population Size: Birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
- Population Pyramid: Visualizes age and gender distribution.
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Key Terms:
- Birth Rate/Death Rate: Number of births/deaths per year per 1,000 people.
- Natural Increase Rate: Difference between birth and death rates.
- Revitalization: Renewing a social or cultural system.
- Overtourism/Gentrification: Social and economic issues linked to tourism and urban redevelopment.
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Deviance and Conformity:
- Theories of Deviance: Multiple theories, including functionalist, conflict, strain, labeling, differential association, and social control.
- Crime Deterrence: Education, law enforcement, and rehabilitation programs.
Unit 4: Global Social Challenges
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Globalization: Increasing interconnectedness of nations (e.g., United Nations, World Trade Organization).
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Discrimination and Racism:
- Implicit Bias: Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes influencing behavior.
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Gender Inequality:
- Examples: Wage gaps, limited access to education, gender-based violence.
- Consequences: Reduced economic growth and perpetuation of poverty.
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Poverty:
- Types: Absolute poverty (lack of basic needs), relative poverty (comparison to societal standards), and working poor (employed but below poverty line). Welfare poor are dependent on assistance.
- Programs: Structural programs (addressing root causes) and relief programs (providing immediate support).
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Unit 1 of social sciences, focusing on essential disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, and psychology. It also addresses important terms and the 5-step inquiry process used in research. Test your understanding of the jargon and methods applied in these fields.
