Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the general conclusion regarding mindset interventions on academic achievement?
What is the general conclusion regarding mindset interventions on academic achievement?
- They have a very small positive effect, especially for 'at risk' groups. (correct)
- They have a significant positive effect on all students.
- They are ineffective and should not be used.
- They have a negative impact on academic performance.
Which of the following factors is mentioned as potentially influencing achievement?
Which of the following factors is mentioned as potentially influencing achievement?
- Genetic component of intelligence (correct)
- Effort exerted by students
- Parental involvement
- Environmental factors only
What is noted as a likely outcome of having an incremental orientation on fluid intelligence?
What is noted as a likely outcome of having an incremental orientation on fluid intelligence?
- It leads to drastic changes in intelligence.
- It may hinder fluid intelligence development.
- It probably has no influence on fluid intelligence. (correct)
- It significantly improves fluid intelligence.
Why is it important to encourage incremental orientations despite their limited effect?
Why is it important to encourage incremental orientations despite their limited effect?
Which statement accurately describes the criticism of Dweck’s theory?
Which statement accurately describes the criticism of Dweck’s theory?
What is one characteristic of a psychological theory?
What is one characteristic of a psychological theory?
What is the primary goal of creating psychological theories?
What is the primary goal of creating psychological theories?
What is the maximum score a student can receive if they answer 2 out of 4 iClicker questions correctly?
What is the maximum score a student can receive if they answer 2 out of 4 iClicker questions correctly?
Which of the following does not contribute to the understanding of social development?
Which of the following does not contribute to the understanding of social development?
What is essential for a theory to be considered well-supported?
What is essential for a theory to be considered well-supported?
Which of the following is NOT a utility of a psychological theory?
Which of the following is NOT a utility of a psychological theory?
What is primarily emphasized by students with an entity orientation towards intelligence?
What is primarily emphasized by students with an entity orientation towards intelligence?
How do students motivated by performance goals typically respond to failure?
How do students motivated by performance goals typically respond to failure?
What approach would best promote incremental motivation in students?
What approach would best promote incremental motivation in students?
What is a likely outcome of encouraging students with entity motivations through praise?
What is a likely outcome of encouraging students with entity motivations through praise?
What defines the Incremental Theory of Intelligence?
What defines the Incremental Theory of Intelligence?
What effect can stereotypes have on motivation, according to the content?
What effect can stereotypes have on motivation, according to the content?
What is the focus of students with learning goals?
What is the focus of students with learning goals?
Which outcome is likely for students who believe in the Entity Theory of Intelligence?
Which outcome is likely for students who believe in the Entity Theory of Intelligence?
What does the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model primarily refer to?
What does the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model primarily refer to?
Which of the following levels in the Bioecological Model represents the indirect but influential factors in a child's life?
Which of the following levels in the Bioecological Model represents the indirect but influential factors in a child's life?
What is a key idea emphasized in Bronfenbrenner's model regarding human development?
What is a key idea emphasized in Bronfenbrenner's model regarding human development?
Which system in the Bioecological Model encompasses the larger cultural and social context?
Which system in the Bioecological Model encompasses the larger cultural and social context?
What does the chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model describe?
What does the chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model describe?
According to Bronfenbrenner, how do children influence their environment?
According to Bronfenbrenner, how do children influence their environment?
What is one purpose of identifying and naming the five levels of context in Bronfenbrenner's model?
What is one purpose of identifying and naming the five levels of context in Bronfenbrenner's model?
What does Bronfenbrenner suggest about the role of others in a person's development?
What does Bronfenbrenner suggest about the role of others in a person's development?
What role do children play in their development according to Bronfenbrenner's ideas?
What role do children play in their development according to Bronfenbrenner's ideas?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five counting principles acquired by preschoolers?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five counting principles acquired by preschoolers?
How does language influence counting in toddlers?
How does language influence counting in toddlers?
Which counting principle states that any set of discrete objects can be counted?
Which counting principle states that any set of discrete objects can be counted?
What is the significance of cardinality in counting?
What is the significance of cardinality in counting?
What does the principle of 'order irrelevance' mean in the context of counting?
What does the principle of 'order irrelevance' mean in the context of counting?
What is the slow early acquisition period associated with counting in toddlers?
What is the slow early acquisition period associated with counting in toddlers?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?
Study Notes
Week 7: Social Development
- iClicker Reminder:
- 15% of grade if participating
- 0% of grade if not
- Lowest 4 classes out of 21 dropped
- 17 classes count towards final grade (0.9% each)
- 4 questions per class, 2 points per question (8 total)
- This is the 7th week of Social Development, covering topics like: theories of behaviour, self-attributions and achievement, motivation, Dweck's mindset theory, the Bioecological model, counting, and others.
- What is a theory?
- A well-supported explanation of an aspect of human behaviour
- Based on a hypothesis and supported by evidence
- Typically can: consistently describe a behaviour, allow accurate predictions about future behaviour
- Used to help scientists, practitioners, and policy makers: create testable hypotheses, understand human behaviour, anticipate what might happen next, prevent bad things, develop interventions
- Today's Lecture:
- Children and Media
- Dodge’s Social Information-Processing Theory
- Dweck’s Mindset Theory
- Ecological Theories
- Revisiting Week 5: Learning to understand “How Much”
Self-Attributions and Achievement
- Children vary in achievement motivations
- Performance Goals: receiving praise, avoiding failure
- Learning Goals: improving skills, mastering new tasks
- What influences motivation?
- Entity Orientation: Attribute outcomes to innate abilities, individual differences
- Success: "I'm smart!"
- Failure: "I must be dumb..."
- Self-worth: performance outcomes
- Incremental Orientation: Attribute outcomes to hard work, persistence, commitment
- Success: "I earned this!"
- Failure: "I should try harder."
- Self-worth: self-improvement
- Entity Orientation: Attribute outcomes to innate abilities, individual differences
- Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck (2007):
- Incremental Theory of Intelligence: Belief that intelligence grows with practice and experience
- Higher math scores over 2 years
- Entity Theory of Intelligence: Belief that intelligence is innate and unchangeable
- No change in scores over 2 years
- Incremental Theory of Intelligence: Belief that intelligence grows with practice and experience
- Stereotypes:
- Can lead to entity orientation and self-fulfilling prophecy
Promoting Incremental Motivation
- Praise effort, not traits:
- Example: "Great job! You worked so hard!"
- Reinforces motivation to improve skills and find gratification in self-improvement
- Motivation isn't everything:
- Lots of factors influence achievement
- Many may not be easy to change through effort (e.g., genetic component of intelligence)
Dweck's Mindset Theory
- Cautious take: may have an impact in some contexts, but isn't as crucial as initially claimed
- Subject of ongoing research:
- Does a mindset intervention improve academic performance?
- Mindset interventions appear to have a small positive effect on academic achievement, but the effect is greater for "at risk" groups
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model
- Child's environment composed of nested structures that impact development
- Microsystem: Family, bidirectionality
- Mesosystem: Microsystem interconnections
- Exosystem: Indirect, but influential
- Macrosystem: Larger cultural and social context
- Chronosystem: Temporal dimension, change over time
- Big Ideas:
- Contexts affect human development
- Context is complex, dynamic, and inter-related
- Theories are not static
- Children influence their environments:
- They are born with genetic potential, but reaching it is influenced by their environment
- Human development occurs due to complex interactions with others
Understanding "How Much" (Week 5 Recap)
- Counting:
- Many toddlers count verbally by age 2, but their understanding is limited
- Association between number words and quantities is learned slowly and incrementally
- By preschool, children acquire 5 counting principles:
- One-to-one correspondence: Each object labelled with a single number word
- Stable order: Numbers always recited in the same order
- Cardinality: Number of objects in the set corresponds to the last number stated
- Order irrelevance: Objects can be counted in any order
- Abstractions: Any set of discrete objects can be counted
- Counting Level:
- Requires language abilities and is influenced by language and culture
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Description
Test your knowledge on Social Development covering topics such as theories of behaviour, motivation, and the Bioecological model. This quiz includes important concepts like Dweck's mindset theory and self-attributions related to achievement. Prepare to apply these theories in practical scenarios that impact children's development.
