Social Development Week 7 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the general conclusion regarding mindset interventions on academic achievement?

They have a very small positive effect, especially for 'at risk' groups. (correct)

They have a significant positive effect on all students.

They are ineffective and should not be used.

They have a negative impact on academic performance.

Which of the following factors is mentioned as potentially influencing achievement?

Genetic component of intelligence (correct)

Effort exerted by students

Parental involvement

Environmental factors only

What is noted as a likely outcome of having an incremental orientation on fluid intelligence?

It leads to drastic changes in intelligence.

It may hinder fluid intelligence development.

It probably has no influence on fluid intelligence. (correct)

It significantly improves fluid intelligence.

Why is it important to encourage incremental orientations despite their limited effect?

They are helpful in promoting resilience and effort. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the criticism of Dweck’s theory?

Critics argue that her claims are unsupported and overemphasized. Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of a psychological theory?

It allows for accurate predictions of future behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of creating psychological theories?

To help understand human behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum score a student can receive if they answer 2 out of 4 iClicker questions correctly?

6/8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not contribute to the understanding of social development?

Cognitive understanding of scientific theories. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a theory to be considered well-supported?

A strong hypothesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a utility of a psychological theory?

Prescribing medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily emphasized by students with an entity orientation towards intelligence?

Innate abilities and individual differences Signup and view all the answers

How do students motivated by performance goals typically respond to failure?

They may think, 'I must be dumb...' Signup and view all the answers

What approach would best promote incremental motivation in students?

Recognizing their hard work Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome of encouraging students with entity motivations through praise?

Increased anxiety about performance Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Incremental Theory of Intelligence?

Intelligence can grow with practice and experience Signup and view all the answers

What effect can stereotypes have on motivation, according to the content?

They contribute to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of students with learning goals?

Mastering new tasks and improving skills Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is likely for students who believe in the Entity Theory of Intelligence?

They might experience no change in scores over time. Signup and view all the answers

What does the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model primarily refer to?

Direct influences from immediate relationships such as family Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels in the Bioecological Model represents the indirect but influential factors in a child's life?

Exosystem Signup and view all the answers

What is a key idea emphasized in Bronfenbrenner's model regarding human development?

Context is complex and dynamic Signup and view all the answers

Which system in the Bioecological Model encompasses the larger cultural and social context?

Macrosystem Signup and view all the answers

What does the chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model describe?

The changes in a child's environment over time Signup and view all the answers

According to Bronfenbrenner, how do children influence their environment?

By adjusting their behavior based on adult feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of identifying and naming the five levels of context in Bronfenbrenner's model?

To allow for better examination of context's role in development Signup and view all the answers

What does Bronfenbrenner suggest about the role of others in a person's development?

Others have a significant role in shaping personal attributes Signup and view all the answers

What role do children play in their development according to Bronfenbrenner's ideas?

Children influence their environments from infancy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five counting principles acquired by preschoolers?

Countless ability Signup and view all the answers

How does language influence counting in toddlers?

The type of language used speeds up counting learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which counting principle states that any set of discrete objects can be counted?

Abstractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cardinality in counting?

It defines the total number of objects as corresponding to the last number stated. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'order irrelevance' mean in the context of counting?

Objects can be counted in any sequence or direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the slow early acquisition period associated with counting in toddlers?

Familiarity with counting words develops gradually. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?

Children's genetic predispositions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

iClicker Reminder:
- 15% of grade if participating
- 0% of grade if not
- Lowest 4 classes out of 21 dropped
- 17 classes count towards final grade (0.9% each)
- 4 questions per class, 2 points per question (8 total)
- This is the 7th week of Social Development, covering topics like: theories of behaviour, self-attributions and achievement, motivation, Dweck's mindset theory, the Bioecological model, counting, and others.
What is a theory?
- A well-supported explanation of an aspect of human behaviour
- Based on a hypothesis and supported by evidence
- Typically can: consistently describe a behaviour, allow accurate predictions about future behaviour
- Used to help scientists, practitioners, and policy makers: create testable hypotheses, understand human behaviour, anticipate what might happen next, prevent bad things, develop interventions
Today's Lecture:
- Children and Media
- Dodge’s Social Information-Processing Theory
- Dweck’s Mindset Theory
- Ecological Theories
- Revisiting Week 5: Learning to understand “How Much”

Self-Attributions and Achievement

Children vary in achievement motivations
- Performance Goals: receiving praise, avoiding failure
- Learning Goals: improving skills, mastering new tasks
What influences motivation?
- Entity Orientation: Attribute outcomes to innate abilities, individual differences
  - Success: "I'm smart!"
  - Failure: "I must be dumb..."
  - Self-worth: performance outcomes
- Incremental Orientation: Attribute outcomes to hard work, persistence, commitment
  - Success: "I earned this!"
  - Failure: "I should try harder."
  - Self-worth: self-improvement
Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck (2007):
- Incremental Theory of Intelligence: Belief that intelligence grows with practice and experience
  - Higher math scores over 2 years
- Entity Theory of Intelligence: Belief that intelligence is innate and unchangeable
  - No change in scores over 2 years
Stereotypes:
- Can lead to entity orientation and self-fulfilling prophecy

Promoting Incremental Motivation

Praise effort, not traits:
- Example: "Great job! You worked so hard!"
- Reinforces motivation to improve skills and find gratification in self-improvement
Motivation isn't everything:
- Lots of factors influence achievement
- Many may not be easy to change through effort (e.g., genetic component of intelligence)

Dweck's Mindset Theory

Cautious take: may have an impact in some contexts, but isn't as crucial as initially claimed
Subject of ongoing research:
- Does a mindset intervention improve academic performance?
- Mindset interventions appear to have a small positive effect on academic achievement, but the effect is greater for "at risk" groups

Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model

Child's environment composed of nested structures that impact development
- Microsystem: Family, bidirectionality
- Mesosystem: Microsystem interconnections
- Exosystem: Indirect, but influential
- Macrosystem: Larger cultural and social context
- Chronosystem: Temporal dimension, change over time
Big Ideas:
- Contexts affect human development
- Context is complex, dynamic, and inter-related
- Theories are not static
Children influence their environments:
- They are born with genetic potential, but reaching it is influenced by their environment
- Human development occurs due to complex interactions with others

Understanding "How Much" (Week 5 Recap)

Counting:
- Many toddlers count verbally by age 2, but their understanding is limited
- Association between number words and quantities is learned slowly and incrementally
- By preschool, children acquire 5 counting principles:
  - One-to-one correspondence: Each object labelled with a single number word
  - Stable order: Numbers always recited in the same order
  - Cardinality: Number of objects in the set corresponds to the last number stated
  - Order irrelevance: Objects can be counted in any order
  - Abstractions: Any set of discrete objects can be counted
Counting Level:
- Requires language abilities and is influenced by language and culture

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Description

Test your knowledge on Social Development covering topics such as theories of behaviour, motivation, and the Bioecological model. This quiz includes important concepts like Dweck's mindset theory and self-attributions related to achievement. Prepare to apply these theories in practical scenarios that impact children's development.