Social Classes and Class Struggle in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What primarily characterizes the middle class in society?

They often struggle to meet basic needs.

They have unlimited financial resources.

They live beyond the poverty line. (correct)

They contribute significantly to economic diversity. (correct)

How does popular culture function in society?

It acts as a channel for grassroots expression. (correct)

It serves the interests of the upper class only.

It emphasizes individual rather than collective needs.

It is created exclusively by media giants.

What is one of the primary topics popular culture addresses?

The minimization of social issues.

Disparities between social classes. (correct)

The promotion of luxury lifestyles.

The advantages of isolationism.

Which group is characterized by living in luxury and having significant financial means?

Upper class Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might people have about the upper class?

They have no emotional or personal challenges. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a social class?

A collection of individuals with the same socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What essential role does the middle class play in the economy?

Acts as a substantial workforce for diverse industries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of popular culture as a medium?

It encourages conversation about often-avoided topics. Signup and view all the answers

Who comprises the maharlika in the pre-colonial Filipino caste system?

Feudal lords forming an alliance Signup and view all the answers

What role do the vassals play in relation to the datu?

They hold land under allegiance to the datu Signup and view all the answers

Which group serves under the maharlika as their vassals?

Maginoo Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the timawa in the pre-colonial Filipino society?

They live freely and serve the land Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the lowest major caste in the pre-colonial Filipino caste system?

Alipin Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the aliping namamahay from other alipin?

They serve as workers of the land Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the maharlika and their Western counterparts?

Both consist of feudal lords or nobility Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the group of people who are ordinary folk, scholars, and merchants?

Timawa Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the mestizo de Sangley paid fewer taxes compared to indios?

Their heritage included Chinese ancestry. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is associated with Martial Law victims in the context provided?

Desaparecidos Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the Soviet Union according to the content?

The overthrow of the Russian aristocracy Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic works exemplify the idea of class struggle?

Les Misérables and Miss Saigon Signup and view all the answers

What general changes occur during the puberty stage?

Self-discovery of sexual orientation and gender identity Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome for members of the Romanov House after the Tsardom fell?

Some were executed while others were tried. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Ernesto 'Che' Guevara primarily viewed as in the context of political iconography?

A symbol of revolution Signup and view all the answers

What commonly accepted belief persists regarding the last Romanov?

Anastasia still exists along with her descendants. Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact do activities like land development have on indigenous peoples?

They lead to conflicts and displacement. Signup and view all the answers

Which indigenous group is referred to as 'Bagobo'?

A nomadic tribe Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern for many indigenous groups regarding their land?

Transformation into organized farmlands and subdivisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following songs reflects the historical struggles faced by indigenous peoples?

Masdan Mo Ang Kapaligiran Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the conflicts over land use in indigenous areas?

Militarization of the areas affected. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sex' refer to?

The biological trait that determines reproductive function Signup and view all the answers

How many sexes are typically recognized biologically?

Two Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes individuals with sex organs different from typical male or female organs?

Intersex Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences one's gender according to the provided content?

Societal interactions and personal upbringing Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gender' encompass?

The characteristics, norms, and roles socially constructed for men and women Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual orientation primarily defined as?

The attraction to another person in terms of romance and sexual urges Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used specifically for attraction to men or masculinity?

Androphilia Signup and view all the answers

What role does environment play in determining one's gender?

It significantly shapes gender identity and expression. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

A social class is a group of people within a society who share a similar socioeconomic status.
The Pre-colonial Filipino society had a four-tiered caste system: Maharlika, Maginoo, Timawa, and Alipin.
The Maharlika were feudal lords who formed an alliance, while the Maginoo served as their vassals.
The Timawa were ordinary people, scholars, and merchants who lived freely.
The Alipin caste was the lowest, subdivided into Aliping Namamahay (peasants) and Aliping Sagigilid (servants).
During the Spanish colonial era, a new caste system emerged based on race and ancestry.
The Indios were the native Filipinos, while the Mestizos were people of mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry.
The Chinese were considered separate from the Filipinos and paid different taxes.
Class struggle is evident in music such as "Upuan" by GLOC-9, "Tatsulok" by Bamboo, and "Gangsta's Paradise" by Coolio.
Class struggle is also reflected in films like "Snowpiercer," "Parasite," "El Hoyo," and "The Purge."
The fall of the Russian Tsardom marked the beginning of the Soviet Union.
Che Guevara is a popular icon representing rebellion against poverty, hunger, and disease in South America.

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression

Sex refers to biological traits that determine reproductive function based on gametes.
Gender is a spectrum of social constructs that includes norms, behaviors, and roles associated with one's identity and relationships.
Sexual orientation describes one's romantic, emotional, and/or sexual attraction to others.
The two main categories of sexual orientation are androphilia (attraction to men/masculinity) and gynephilia (attraction to women/femininity).
Gender identity is a person's internal sense of their gender, which may or may not align with their assigned sex at birth.
Gender expression refers to how a person presents their gender through appearance, behavior, and mannerisms.

Race, Racism, and Representation

The term "race" is a social construct and does not have a biological basis.
Racism is prejudice and discrimination against people based on their perceived race.
Racial science is a discredited pseudoscience that sought to prove the existence of racial hierarchies.
Racial and cultural appropriation occurs when one group adopts elements of another group's culture without proper acknowledgment, respect, or permission.
The Lumad killings in the Philippines highlight the devastating consequences of racial appropriation and land dispossession of indigenous peoples.
Music by ASIN, such as "Masdan Mo Ang Kapaligiran," "Bayan Ko," "Balita," and "Ang Bayan Kong Sinilangan," reflects the cultural appropriation of indigenous traditions.

Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous peoples in the Philippines are diverse in their languages, customs, and traditions.
Major indigenous groups include the Igorots, the Lumad, and the Tausug.
The Igorots are a collective term for indigenous peoples living in the Cordillera region.
The Lumad are a collective term for indigenous peoples living in the southern Philippines, such as the Subanon and Manobo.
The Tausug are a major indigenous group in the Sulu archipelago.

Peace Studies

Peace studies is a field of study that explores the causes of war and violence and seeks to promote peace and non-violence.
Indigenous peoples play a vital role in fostering peace and protecting the environment.

Popular Culture

Popular culture is a channel for the masses, serving as a platform for discussing important social topics.
Popular culture is a democratic medium, created by and for the people.
It can be used to raise awareness about social issues that are often overlooked.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of social classes and class struggle, particularly within the context of pre-colonial and colonial Filipino society. It examines the hierarchical caste system and the impact of race and ancestry during Spanish colonization. Additionally, the quiz highlights the reflections of class struggle in music and films.