Social Classes of Ancient Filipinos Flashcards
35 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the importance of classifying Filipinos according to their social class?

They were classified into social classes which served as a basis of their function and role in society, thus maintaining order in the community.

What is Baybayin?

The system of writing they were able to develop before Spaniards arrived in the Philippines.

What is Animism?

The kind of religion they were practicing during ancient times.

What significant event occurred in Sulu in 1280?

<p>Islam started to spread in Sulu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first shelter for ancient Filipinos?

<p>Cave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was there a need for farmers to leave their farms and return later?

<p>They leave the land if it becomes unsuitable for farming, look for another place, and come back a year later to allow the land to rejuvenate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Batalan?

<p>The extension of their house connected to the kitchen, where they wash their dishes or store their pots, pans, and cooking utensils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the social classes in Luzon and Visayas:

<p>Highest Class = Maginoo (Tagalog), Datu (Visayas) Second Class = Maharlika (Tagalog), Timawa (Visayas) Bottom Class = Alipin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is William Henry Scott?

<p>A historian who claimed that a social hierarchy existed among Tagalogs and Visayans, classifying Filipinos according to classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the qualifications in choosing a leader among early Filipinos?

<p>Bravery and wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was bravery measured in Cagayan?

<p>By the number of enemies one had beheaded; the more victims one had, the more highly regarded they were.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can bravery be measured in Tagalog and Visayan cultures?

<p>By engaging in inter-island and international trading; only the brave could withstand dangers of the sea and other threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Datu?

<p>A leader in Tagalog and Visayan societies who settled disputes, served as protector against enemies, and led the community in wars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was a Datu's wealth measured?

<p>Not only by the number of slaves he had but by the quality of gold he possessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Maginoo refer to?

<p>The noble class in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Maharlika?

<p>A class of warriors who helped the Datu maintain peace and order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Bayani or heroes in Tagalog?

<p>Military leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did they honor their heroes?

<p>They held celebrations, invited them as guests of honor, and showed appreciation by crowning them with gold-covered carabao horns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were trademarks of warriors in Visayan culture?

<p>Tattoos all over their bodies; the more tattoos they had, the more enemies they had killed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Timawa refer to?

<p>Free people who paid tribute to the Datu and constituted the second class in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the duties of Timawa?

<p>Help the Datu in cultivating land, accompany in fishing and hunting, prepare during feasts, pay tribute, and serve as mediators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest class in ancient Filipino society?

<p>Slave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Alipin in Tagalog?

<p>Slave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Oripun in Visayans?

<p>Slave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three kinds of slaves in Visayans?

<p>Ayuey, Tumarampuk, Tumataban.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Ayuey?

<p>The least privileged; can be summoned by the Datu anytime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tumarampuk imply?

<p>Worked only for a day for his master; could substitute rice for his service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Tumataban?

<p>An occasional slave who worked during celebrations; had the least duties and obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two types of slaves in Tagalog?

<p>Aliping Namamahay, Aliping Saguiguilid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines Aliping Namamahay?

<p>Lived separately from the Datu, had specific duties and obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of Aliping Saguiguilid?

<p>Lived in the Datu's house, served day and night, did not receive a salary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What circumstances could lead to someone becoming a slave?

<p>Stealing, coveting another spouse, unable to pay penalties for crimes, debts, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between slaves in ancient Filipino culture and slaves in Western culture?

<p>Slaves in ancient Filipino cultures were more privileged and better treated; they could farm and acquire properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a tael?

<p>A measurement used for gold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many taels of gold were required for the freedom of a slave?

<p>18 taels of gold for the freedom of one slave or two slaves to be given to their lord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Importance of Social Classification

  • Social classes structured roles and functions in ancient Filipino communities, ensuring order and organization.

Writing System: Baybayin

  • A pre-colonial script developed before Spanish colonization.

Religious Beliefs: Animism

  • The ancient Filipinos practiced animism, a belief system attributing spiritual essence to objects and nature.

Spread of Islam

  • In 1280, Islam began to spread in the Sulu region.

Early Shelter: Caves

  • Caves served as the initial shelters for ancient Filipinos, providing protection from wildlife and adverse weather conditions.

Agricultural Practices

  • Farmers vacated unsuitable land to allow it to rejuvenate, returning later for cultivation.

Batalan

  • A space connected to the kitchen for washing dishes and storing cooking utensils.

Social Classes in Luzon and Visayas

  • Highest Class: Tagalog - Maginoo, Visayas - Datu
  • Second Class: Tagalog - Maharlika, Visayans - Timawa
  • Bottom Class: Alipin

Social Hierarchy Acknowledgment

  • William Henry Scott noted a social hierarchy among Tagalogs and Visayans, organizing society into classes.

Leadership Qualifications

  • Bravery and wealth were crucial qualifications for leaders among early Filipinos.

Measuring Bravery in Cagayan

  • Bravery was gauged by the number of enemies one had defeated, specifically through beheading.

Trading and Bravery

  • Participation in trade signified bravery, as it involved facing sea dangers, wild animals, and other ethnic groups, contributing to wealth and governance.

Role of Datu

  • Datu acted as community leaders who resolved disputes, protected their people, and led during conflicts.

Wealth Measurement of Datu

  • Wealth was assessed not just by the number of slaves but by the quality and quantity of gold owned.

Maginoo Class

  • Represented the noble class in society.

Maharlika Class

  • Comprised warriors who defended barangays and maintained peace, free from tribute obligations to the datu.

Honor for Heroes

  • Celebrations were organized to honor military leaders, marked by crowning ceremonies with gold-covered carabao horns.

Warrior Identification

  • Visayan warriors adorned with tattoos indicated their bravery; Tagalog warriors wore a red putong as a mark of distinction.

Timawa Class

  • Free individuals paying tribute to the datu engaged in various economic activities such as farming and trading.

Duties of Timawa

  • Assisted the datu with agricultural work, accompanied him in expeditions, and helped during festivities, while maintaining the right to choose their datu.

Alipin Class

  • Represented the lowest societal tier, encompassing slaves.

Terminology for Slaves

  • In Tagalog: Alipin; in Visayan: Oripun.

Types of Visayan Slaves

  • Ayuey: Least privileged, summoned at any time by the datu.
  • Tumarampuk: Worked for a single day, could substitute rice for service.
  • Tumataban: Occasional slaves, minimal duties.

Tagalog Slave Categories

  • Aliping Namamahay: Lived separately, provided tributes, and assisted the datu.
  • Aliping Saguiguilid: Resided with the datu, provided perpetual service without salary.

Path to Slavery

  • Factors leading to slavery include theft, inability to pay debts, and wartime capture.

Differences in Slavery

  • Ancient Filipino slaves were often treated better compared to Western slaves, with rights to farm and acquire property.

Measurement of Gold

  • Taels were the unit of measurement for gold.

Cost of Freedom for Slaves

  • 18 taels of gold were required for a slave's freedom, equivalent to two slaves' worth.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the social structure of ancient Filipinos through this set of flashcards. Understand the roles, writing systems, and beliefs that shaped their society. Perfect for students studying ancient Filipino history and culture.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser