Questions and Answers
What does social development primarily describe?
What is a critical aspect of emotional development?
What must individuals resolve according to Erikson's psychosocial development?
What is developed in infants who are nurtured and loved?
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During toddlerhood, what do children learn to balance according to Erikson?
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What signifies the successful completion of early childhood development?
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What is the main emotion that can arise from failure to gain autonomy in toddlerhood?
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What is linked with a person's understanding of emotional matters?
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What is a primary demand during the psychosocial stagnation crisis in middle adulthood?
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What emotional state may immobilize a child aged 3 to 6 years?
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What does a mature adult develop if psychosocial crises are resolved?
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What characteristic describes the ability to sense and adjust to another person's emotional state?
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What skill does a child learn to master during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?
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What is a consequence of mistrust in children aged 6 to 12 years?
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Which characteristic is essential for fostering high-quality relationships?
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In adolescence, what question does a young person seek to answer during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
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What emotional need is related to establishing close bonds with others?
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What is achieved by a successful young adult during the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?
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What outcome may occur if psychosocial crises are not resolved in later adulthood?
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What does the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage focus on developing?
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Which concept involves the belief that one is worthy of positive or negative evaluation?
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What result might a teenager experience if they struggle with role identity during adolescence?
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Which of the following can indicate a low-quality relationship?
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What characterizes the emotional state of children who depend on adults during the early years?
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Study Notes
Concept of Social and Emotional Development
- Social development is influenced by an individual's past relationships and interactions.
- Emotional development includes physiological arousal, behavioral expression, and conscious experiences.
- Both areas are vital for appropriate behavior and understanding of emotional situations.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
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Each individual faces specific crises in a sensitive period that must be resolved for healthy development.
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Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)
- Nurturing leads to trust and security; poor handling fosters insecurity and mistrust.
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)
- Successful self-control leads to confidence; guilt can hinder exploration and independence.
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Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years)
- Encouraging initiative through play fosters leadership and imagination; guilt can result in fear and dependency.
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Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)
- Achievement in skills and relationships promotes industriousness; mistrust can lead to feelings of inferiority.
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Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 20 years)
- Adolescents form self-identity in relation to others; self-doubt and rebellion are common struggles.
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Intimacy vs. Isolation (20 to 40 years)
- Successful young adults experience true intimacy and commitment in relationships; isolation can hinder connections.
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Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 to 65 years)
- Adults focus on guiding future generations and contributing creatively; stagnation occurs without generative engagement.
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Ego-integrity vs. Despair (over 65 years)
- Mature adults reflect on their lives with pride and integrity; unresolved crises may lead to despair.
Mental Models – Self and Others
- Students have enduring beliefs about themselves and others, influencing their interactions and relationships.
Characteristics of High-Quality Relationships
- Attunement: Sensing and responding to another's emotional state effectively.
- Relatedness: Psychological need for close emotional connections with others.
- Supportiveness: Affirming another's self-direction and aiding in achieving personal goals.
- Gentle discipline: Explaining behavior and thought processes rather than imposing strict rules.
Characteristics of Low-Quality Relationships
- Neglect and abuse can damage emotional connections and personal growth.
- Indifference and insensitivity create emotional distance and lack of support.
- Permissiveness can lead to boundary issues and lack of responsibility.
Positive Social Development
- Trust: Confidence that others care and support well-being fosters secure relationships.
- Self-esteem: Trust in oneself, contributing to a positive self-assessment and worthiness.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of social and emotional development, outlining how past relationships influence a person's social skills. It also examines the growth of emotions, including physiological responses and behavioral expressions. Understanding these facets is crucial for appropriate behavior and emotional reactions.
