Skin as a Barrier and Tumor Promotion Quiz

What is required for chemical haptens to induce sensitization?

Attachment to carrier proteins

Which cells process complete antigens and present them to type 1 T-helper cells in regional lymph nodes?

Langerhans cells

What characterizes the immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen after sensitization?

Dermal infiltration and spongiosis

Which of the following is NOT a common contact allergen listed in the text?

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which substance found in some mouthwashes is listed as a common contact allergen?

Chlorhexidine Signup and view all the answers

What adverse skin reaction can be caused by Thimerosal (Merthiolate) according to the text?

Contact dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the severity of a chemical burn?

The reactivity and corrosiveness of the chemical Signup and view all the answers

Which type of burn can occur when necrotic tissue acts as a chemical reservoir, leading to continued cutaneous damage or systemic injury?

Third-degree burn Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for an acid spill on the skin?

Flush with water to remove any remaining remnants Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dermatitis is a delayed (T-cell mediated) hypersensitive reaction?

Allergic contact dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomic site is considered the most sensitive to irritants?

The eyelids Signup and view all the answers

Which individuals are considered the most sensitive to irritant dermatitis?

Atopic individuals Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is photoallergy?

Type IV Signup and view all the answers

What is required for photoallergy to occur?

Prior sensitization to the chemical Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind photoallergy and allergic contact dermatitis?

UV light converts a potential photosensitizing chemical into a hapten that elicits an allergic response Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction causes urticaria?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of seasonal urticaria?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

What can cause exogenous hyperpigmentation?

Deposition of metals and drugs in dermal tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the most evident acute feature of UV radiation exposure?

Erythema (redness or sunburn) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environmental conditions does NOT affect UV-induced injury?

Humidity levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic skin change induced by chronic exposure to radiation?

Skin dryness Signup and view all the answers

What types of malignant skin lesions are mentioned as resulting from chronic exposure to radiation?

Basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant melanoma Signup and view all the answers

What type of ultraviolet light is most commonly responsible for acute phototoxic reactions?

UVA (320 to 400 nm) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phototoxic reactions is NOT true?

UVB is solely responsible for phototoxic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skin in relation to xenobiotics and pollutants?

Serving as a barrier against external insults Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin help in temperature regulation?

Via sweating to cool down the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin as explained in the text?

Digestion of food particles Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin protect from microbes according to the text?

By using defensive mechanisms to prevent microbial entry Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the skin reacts to noxious physical agents?

Coagulation cascade to prevent further bleeding Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin respond to deep cuts like from knives according to the text?

Resisting penetration unless with significant impact Signup and view all the answers