Sistema Nervioso Lecture 12: Cerebrum (Parte 2)

Nervous System Lecture 12: The Cerebrum (Part 2)

• The cerebrum is a major part of the brain, comprising the brain stem, cerebelum, diencephalon, limbic system, and the cerebrum itself.
• The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres—the right and left hemispheres.
• The hemispheres are separated by a longitudinal fissure.
• Various regions and structures within the cerebrum:
  • The image shows the division of the cerebrum into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
  • Corpus callosum: A large bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.
  • Grey matter: A component of nervous tissue, mainly containing nerve cell bodies.
  • White matter: Another component of nervous tissue, mainly comprising nerve cell axons
  • Sulci: Grooves on the cortex.
  • Gyri: Raised areas located between the grooves.
  • Nucleus: A cluster of nerve cell bodies within the central nervous system. (Compare this to Ganglion)
  • The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the cerebrum. It is composed of grey matter.
  • The thickness of the cerebral cortex is approximately 2.5 mm.
  • The image demonstrates the locations of the cerebral cortex, grey matter, and white matter in a cross-section of the brain. These structures collectively process information and generate responses in the nervous system.
  • Specific anatomical features like the lateral sulcus and the central sulcus delineate the various lobes of the cerebrum. The precentral and postcentral gyri are located in the frontal and parietal lobes, respectively, bordering the central sulcus.

In this lecture, we explore the cerebrum, a vital part of the brain that includes various structures and regions. We will cover its division into hemispheres, the four lobes, and key components like grey matter and white matter. Gain a better understanding of how the cerebrum functions in the nervous system.